Morphological Adaptation of Cave-Dwelling Ground Beetles in China Revealed by Geometric Morphometry (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)

Cave-dwelling ground beetles in China represent the most impressive specific diversity and morphological adaptations of the cavernicolous ground beetles in the world, but they have not been systematically examined in quantitative terms. The present study focuses on the application of geometric morph...

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Autores principales:	Mengzhen Chen, Wanru Guo, Sunbin Huang, Xiaozhu Luo, Mingyi Tian, Weixin Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	adaptive type cave environment morphological variation phenotypic development Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3a4b81deb7784c55aa4f8590b7e0155f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3a4b81deb7784c55aa4f8590b7e0155f2021-11-25T17:59:31ZMorphological Adaptation of Cave-Dwelling Ground Beetles in China Revealed by Geometric Morphometry (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)10.3390/insects121110022075-4450https://doaj.org/article/3a4b81deb7784c55aa4f8590b7e0155f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/1002https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450Cave-dwelling ground beetles in China represent the most impressive specific diversity and morphological adaptations of the cavernicolous ground beetles in the world, but they have not been systematically examined in quantitative terms. The present study focuses on the application of geometric morphological methods to address the morphological adaptations of the tribe Trechini, the most representative group in China. We have employed a geometric morphometry analysis of the head, pronotum, and elytra of 53 genera of Trechini, including 132 hypogean and 8 epigean species. Our results showed that the overall morphological variation of cave carabids has gradually specialized from an anophthalmic to semi-aphaenopsian to aphaenopsian type. There were extremely significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.01) among four different adaptive types including aphaenopsian, semi-aphaenopsian, anophthalmic, and surface-dwelling Trechini when their adaptability to a cave environment was used as the basis for grouping. Furthermore, there were differences in the phenotypic tree of the head, pronotum, and elytra, and an integrated morphology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the analysis of the head, pronotum, and elytra of four different adaptive types of ground beetles in order to clarify the morphological adaptations of cavernicolous carabids to the cave environment.Mengzhen ChenWanru GuoSunbin HuangXiaozhu LuoMingyi TianWeixin LiuMDPI AGarticleadaptive typecave environmentmorphological variationphenotypic developmentScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 1002, p 1002 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adaptive type cave environment morphological variation phenotypic development Science Q
spellingShingle	adaptive type cave environment morphological variation phenotypic development Science Q Mengzhen Chen Wanru Guo Sunbin Huang Xiaozhu Luo Mingyi Tian Weixin Liu Morphological Adaptation of Cave-Dwelling Ground Beetles in China Revealed by Geometric Morphometry (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)
description	Cave-dwelling ground beetles in China represent the most impressive specific diversity and morphological adaptations of the cavernicolous ground beetles in the world, but they have not been systematically examined in quantitative terms. The present study focuses on the application of geometric morphological methods to address the morphological adaptations of the tribe Trechini, the most representative group in China. We have employed a geometric morphometry analysis of the head, pronotum, and elytra of 53 genera of Trechini, including 132 hypogean and 8 epigean species. Our results showed that the overall morphological variation of cave carabids has gradually specialized from an anophthalmic to semi-aphaenopsian to aphaenopsian type. There were extremely significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.01) among four different adaptive types including aphaenopsian, semi-aphaenopsian, anophthalmic, and surface-dwelling Trechini when their adaptability to a cave environment was used as the basis for grouping. Furthermore, there were differences in the phenotypic tree of the head, pronotum, and elytra, and an integrated morphology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the analysis of the head, pronotum, and elytra of four different adaptive types of ground beetles in order to clarify the morphological adaptations of cavernicolous carabids to the cave environment.
format	article
author	Mengzhen Chen Wanru Guo Sunbin Huang Xiaozhu Luo Mingyi Tian Weixin Liu
author_facet	Mengzhen Chen Wanru Guo Sunbin Huang Xiaozhu Luo Mingyi Tian Weixin Liu
author_sort	Mengzhen Chen
title	Morphological Adaptation of Cave-Dwelling Ground Beetles in China Revealed by Geometric Morphometry (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)
title_short	Morphological Adaptation of Cave-Dwelling Ground Beetles in China Revealed by Geometric Morphometry (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)
title_full	Morphological Adaptation of Cave-Dwelling Ground Beetles in China Revealed by Geometric Morphometry (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)
title_fullStr	Morphological Adaptation of Cave-Dwelling Ground Beetles in China Revealed by Geometric Morphometry (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)
title_full_unstemmed	Morphological Adaptation of Cave-Dwelling Ground Beetles in China Revealed by Geometric Morphometry (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)
title_sort	morphological adaptation of cave-dwelling ground beetles in china revealed by geometric morphometry (coleoptera, carabidae, trechini)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3a4b81deb7784c55aa4f8590b7e0155f
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Morphological Adaptation of Cave-Dwelling Ground Beetles in China Revealed by Geometric Morphometry (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)

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