Fast Mechanically Driven Daughter Cell Separation Is Widespread in <italic toggle="yes">Actinobacteria</italic>

ABSTRACT Dividing cells of the coccoid Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus undergo extremely rapid (millisecond) daughter cell separation (DCS) driven by mechanical crack propagation, a strategy that is very distinct from the gradual, enzymatically driven cell wall remodeling process that...

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Autores principales:	Xiaoxue Zhou, David K. Halladin, Julie A. Theriot
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3a72ad9217b54c6f896b313e260e07cb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3a72ad9217b54c6f896b313e260e07cb2021-11-15T15:50:19ZFast Mechanically Driven Daughter Cell Separation Is Widespread in <italic toggle="yes">Actinobacteria</italic>10.1128/mBio.00952-162150-7511https://doaj.org/article/3a72ad9217b54c6f896b313e260e07cb2016-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00952-16https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Dividing cells of the coccoid Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus undergo extremely rapid (millisecond) daughter cell separation (DCS) driven by mechanical crack propagation, a strategy that is very distinct from the gradual, enzymatically driven cell wall remodeling process that has been well described in several rod-shaped model bacteria. To determine if other bacteria, especially those in the same phylum (Firmicutes) or with similar coccoid shapes as S. aureus, might use a similar mechanically driven strategy for DCS, we used high-resolution video microscopy to examine cytokinesis in a phylogenetically wide range of species with various cell shapes and sizes. We found that fast mechanically driven DCS is rather rare in the Firmicutes (low G+C Gram positives), observed only in Staphylococcus and its closest coccoid relatives in the Macrococcus genus, and we did not observe this division strategy among the Gram-negative Proteobacteria. In contrast, several members of the high-G+C Gram-positive phylum Actinobacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Brachybacterium faecium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Mycobacterium smegmatis) with diverse shapes ranging from coccoid to rod all undergo fast mechanical DCS during cell division. Most intriguingly, similar fast mechanical DCS was also observed during the sporulation of the actinobacterium Streptomyces venezuelae. IMPORTANCE Much of our knowledge on bacterial cytokinesis comes from studying rod-shaped model organisms such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Less is known about variations in this process among different bacterial species. While cell division in many bacteria has been characterized to some extent genetically or biochemically, few species have been examined using video microscopy to uncover the kinetics of cytokinesis and daughter cell separation (DCS). In this work, we found that fast (millisecond) DCS is exhibited by species in two independent clades of Gram-positive bacteria and is particularly prevalent among the Actinobacteria, a diverse group that includes significant pathogens as well as bacteria that generate medically important antibiotics.Xiaoxue ZhouDavid K. HalladinJulie A. TheriotAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 7, Iss 4 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Xiaoxue Zhou David K. Halladin Julie A. Theriot Fast Mechanically Driven Daughter Cell Separation Is Widespread in <italic toggle="yes">Actinobacteria</italic>
description	ABSTRACT Dividing cells of the coccoid Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus undergo extremely rapid (millisecond) daughter cell separation (DCS) driven by mechanical crack propagation, a strategy that is very distinct from the gradual, enzymatically driven cell wall remodeling process that has been well described in several rod-shaped model bacteria. To determine if other bacteria, especially those in the same phylum (Firmicutes) or with similar coccoid shapes as S. aureus, might use a similar mechanically driven strategy for DCS, we used high-resolution video microscopy to examine cytokinesis in a phylogenetically wide range of species with various cell shapes and sizes. We found that fast mechanically driven DCS is rather rare in the Firmicutes (low G+C Gram positives), observed only in Staphylococcus and its closest coccoid relatives in the Macrococcus genus, and we did not observe this division strategy among the Gram-negative Proteobacteria. In contrast, several members of the high-G+C Gram-positive phylum Actinobacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Brachybacterium faecium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Mycobacterium smegmatis) with diverse shapes ranging from coccoid to rod all undergo fast mechanical DCS during cell division. Most intriguingly, similar fast mechanical DCS was also observed during the sporulation of the actinobacterium Streptomyces venezuelae. IMPORTANCE Much of our knowledge on bacterial cytokinesis comes from studying rod-shaped model organisms such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Less is known about variations in this process among different bacterial species. While cell division in many bacteria has been characterized to some extent genetically or biochemically, few species have been examined using video microscopy to uncover the kinetics of cytokinesis and daughter cell separation (DCS). In this work, we found that fast (millisecond) DCS is exhibited by species in two independent clades of Gram-positive bacteria and is particularly prevalent among the Actinobacteria, a diverse group that includes significant pathogens as well as bacteria that generate medically important antibiotics.
format	article
author	Xiaoxue Zhou David K. Halladin Julie A. Theriot
author_facet	Xiaoxue Zhou David K. Halladin Julie A. Theriot
author_sort	Xiaoxue Zhou
title	Fast Mechanically Driven Daughter Cell Separation Is Widespread in <italic toggle="yes">Actinobacteria</italic>
title_short	Fast Mechanically Driven Daughter Cell Separation Is Widespread in <italic toggle="yes">Actinobacteria</italic>
title_full	Fast Mechanically Driven Daughter Cell Separation Is Widespread in <italic toggle="yes">Actinobacteria</italic>
title_fullStr	Fast Mechanically Driven Daughter Cell Separation Is Widespread in <italic toggle="yes">Actinobacteria</italic>
title_full_unstemmed	Fast Mechanically Driven Daughter Cell Separation Is Widespread in <italic toggle="yes">Actinobacteria</italic>
title_sort	fast mechanically driven daughter cell separation is widespread in <italic toggle="yes">actinobacteria</italic>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/3a72ad9217b54c6f896b313e260e07cb
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Fast Mechanically Driven Daughter Cell Separation Is Widespread in <italic toggle="yes">Actinobacteria</italic>

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