Multiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.

Population models of host-parasite interactions predict that when different parasite genotypes compete within a host for limited resources, those that exploit the host faster will be selected, leading to an increase in parasite virulence. When parasites sharing a host are related, however, kin selec...

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Autores principales:	Manuela López-Villavicencio, Odile Jonot, Amélie Coantic, Michael E Hood, Jérôme Enjalbert, Tatiana Giraud
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2007
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3a876582696b4c46ac79ad11e6d65fb5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3a876582696b4c46ac79ad11e6d65fb52021-11-25T05:46:50ZMultiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.0030176https://doaj.org/article/3a876582696b4c46ac79ad11e6d65fb52007-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0030176https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Population models of host-parasite interactions predict that when different parasite genotypes compete within a host for limited resources, those that exploit the host faster will be selected, leading to an increase in parasite virulence. When parasites sharing a host are related, however, kin selection should lead to more cooperative host exploitation that may involve slower rates of parasite reproduction. Despite their potential importance, studies that assess the prevalence of multiple genotype infections in natural populations remain rare, and studies quantifying the relatedness of parasites occurring together as natural multiple infections are particularly scarce. We investigated multiple infections in natural populations of the systemic fungal plant parasite Microbotryum violaceum, the anther smut of Caryophyllaceae, on its host, Silene latifolia. We found that multiple infections can be extremely frequent, with different fungal genotypes found in different stems of single plants. Multiple infections involved parasite genotypes more closely related than would be expected based upon their genetic diversity or due to spatial substructuring within the parasite populations. Together with previous sequential inoculation experiments, our results suggest that M. violaceum actively excludes divergent competitors while tolerating closely related genotypes. Such an exclusion mechanism might explain why multiple infections were less frequent in populations with the highest genetic diversity, which is at odds with intuitive expectations. Thus, these results demonstrate that genetic diversity can influence the prevalence of multiple infections in nature, which will have important consequences for their optimal levels of virulence. Measuring the occurrence of multiple infections and the relatedness among parasites within hosts in natural populations may be important for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of disease, the consequences of vaccine use, and forces driving the population genetic structure of parasites.Manuela López-VillavicencioOdile JonotAmélie CoanticMichael E HoodJérôme EnjalbertTatiana GiraudPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 3, Iss 11, p e176 (2007)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Manuela López-Villavicencio Odile Jonot Amélie Coantic Michael E Hood Jérôme Enjalbert Tatiana Giraud Multiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.
description	Population models of host-parasite interactions predict that when different parasite genotypes compete within a host for limited resources, those that exploit the host faster will be selected, leading to an increase in parasite virulence. When parasites sharing a host are related, however, kin selection should lead to more cooperative host exploitation that may involve slower rates of parasite reproduction. Despite their potential importance, studies that assess the prevalence of multiple genotype infections in natural populations remain rare, and studies quantifying the relatedness of parasites occurring together as natural multiple infections are particularly scarce. We investigated multiple infections in natural populations of the systemic fungal plant parasite Microbotryum violaceum, the anther smut of Caryophyllaceae, on its host, Silene latifolia. We found that multiple infections can be extremely frequent, with different fungal genotypes found in different stems of single plants. Multiple infections involved parasite genotypes more closely related than would be expected based upon their genetic diversity or due to spatial substructuring within the parasite populations. Together with previous sequential inoculation experiments, our results suggest that M. violaceum actively excludes divergent competitors while tolerating closely related genotypes. Such an exclusion mechanism might explain why multiple infections were less frequent in populations with the highest genetic diversity, which is at odds with intuitive expectations. Thus, these results demonstrate that genetic diversity can influence the prevalence of multiple infections in nature, which will have important consequences for their optimal levels of virulence. Measuring the occurrence of multiple infections and the relatedness among parasites within hosts in natural populations may be important for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of disease, the consequences of vaccine use, and forces driving the population genetic structure of parasites.
format	article
author	Manuela López-Villavicencio Odile Jonot Amélie Coantic Michael E Hood Jérôme Enjalbert Tatiana Giraud
author_facet	Manuela López-Villavicencio Odile Jonot Amélie Coantic Michael E Hood Jérôme Enjalbert Tatiana Giraud
author_sort	Manuela López-Villavicencio
title	Multiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.
title_short	Multiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.
title_full	Multiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.
title_fullStr	Multiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.
title_full_unstemmed	Multiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.
title_sort	multiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2007
url	https://doaj.org/article/3a876582696b4c46ac79ad11e6d65fb5
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Multiple infections by the anther smut pathogen are frequent and involve related strains.

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