Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water

Abstract Although 10 years have passed since Japan’s Fukushima nuclear accident, the future radiation risk from 137Cs contamination of wood via root uptake is a serious concern. We estimated the depth at which the roots of evergreen coniferous sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and broadleaf deciduous kona...

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Autores principales:	Yasunori Mahara, Tomoko Ohta, Jyunichi Ohshima, Kazuya Iizuka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3a97bbb32f4d412b889d0d3ab89fbd3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3a97bbb32f4d412b889d0d3ab89fbd3b2021-12-02T18:03:26ZOrigin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water10.1038/s41598-021-87397-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3a97bbb32f4d412b889d0d3ab89fbd3b2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87397-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Although 10 years have passed since Japan’s Fukushima nuclear accident, the future radiation risk from 137Cs contamination of wood via root uptake is a serious concern. We estimated the depth at which the roots of evergreen coniferous sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and broadleaf deciduous konara (Quercus serrata) trees actively take up soil water by using positive δD values from the artificial D2O tracer and seasonal changes in the δ18O values of soil water as a natural environmental tracer. We compared the tracer concentration changes in xylem sap with those in the soil water and ascertained that both tree species primarily took up water from a depth of 20 cm, though with mixing of water from other depths. Using sap hydrodynamics in tree stems, we found that water circulation was significantly slower in heartwood than in sapwood. Heartwood water was not supplied by direct root uptake of soil water. The measured diffusion coefficients for D2O, K+, Cs+, and I− in xylem stems were greater in sapwood than in heartwood, and their magnitude was inversely correlated with their molecular weights. The distribution of D2O and 137Cs concentrations along the radial stem could be explained by simulations using the simple advective diffusion model.Yasunori MaharaTomoko OhtaJyunichi OhshimaKazuya IizukaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yasunori Mahara Tomoko Ohta Jyunichi Ohshima Kazuya Iizuka Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water
description	Abstract Although 10 years have passed since Japan’s Fukushima nuclear accident, the future radiation risk from 137Cs contamination of wood via root uptake is a serious concern. We estimated the depth at which the roots of evergreen coniferous sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and broadleaf deciduous konara (Quercus serrata) trees actively take up soil water by using positive δD values from the artificial D2O tracer and seasonal changes in the δ18O values of soil water as a natural environmental tracer. We compared the tracer concentration changes in xylem sap with those in the soil water and ascertained that both tree species primarily took up water from a depth of 20 cm, though with mixing of water from other depths. Using sap hydrodynamics in tree stems, we found that water circulation was significantly slower in heartwood than in sapwood. Heartwood water was not supplied by direct root uptake of soil water. The measured diffusion coefficients for D2O, K+, Cs+, and I− in xylem stems were greater in sapwood than in heartwood, and their magnitude was inversely correlated with their molecular weights. The distribution of D2O and 137Cs concentrations along the radial stem could be explained by simulations using the simple advective diffusion model.
format	article
author	Yasunori Mahara Tomoko Ohta Jyunichi Ohshima Kazuya Iizuka
author_facet	Yasunori Mahara Tomoko Ohta Jyunichi Ohshima Kazuya Iizuka
author_sort	Yasunori Mahara
title	Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water
title_short	Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water
title_full	Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water
title_fullStr	Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water
title_full_unstemmed	Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water
title_sort	origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3a97bbb32f4d412b889d0d3ab89fbd3b
work_keys_str_mv	AT yasunorimahara originandhydrodynamicsofxylemsapintreestemsandrelationshiptorootuptakeofsoilwater AT tomokoohta originandhydrodynamicsofxylemsapintreestemsandrelationshiptorootuptakeofsoilwater AT jyunichiohshima originandhydrodynamicsofxylemsapintreestemsandrelationshiptorootuptakeofsoilwater AT kazuyaiizuka originandhydrodynamicsofxylemsapintreestemsandrelationshiptorootuptakeofsoilwater
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Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water

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