Genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.

Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for a myriad of diseases in humans and livestock; yet despite intensive effort, development of effective sub-unit vaccines remains a long-term goal. Antigenic complexity and our inability to identify protective antigens from the pool that induce response are se...

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Autores principales:	Damer P Blake, Karen J Billington, Susan L Copestake, Richard D Oakes, Michael A Quail, Kiew-Lian Wan, Martin W Shirley, Adrian L Smith
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3ab785188f584c3283c7712427409ba3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3ab785188f584c3283c7712427409ba32021-11-18T06:03:37ZGenetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1001279https://doaj.org/article/3ab785188f584c3283c7712427409ba32011-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21347348/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for a myriad of diseases in humans and livestock; yet despite intensive effort, development of effective sub-unit vaccines remains a long-term goal. Antigenic complexity and our inability to identify protective antigens from the pool that induce response are serious challenges in the development of new vaccines. Using a combination of parasite genetics and selective barriers with population-based genetic fingerprinting, we have identified that immunity against the most important apicomplexan parasite of livestock (Eimeria spp.) was targeted against a few discrete regions of the genome. Herein we report the identification of six genomic regions and, within two of those loci, the identification of true protective antigens that confer immunity as sub-unit vaccines. The first of these is an Eimeria maxima homologue of apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) and the second is a previously uncharacterised gene that we have termed 'immune mapped protein-1' (IMP-1). Significantly, homologues of the AMA-1 antigen are protective with a range of apicomplexan parasites including Plasmodium spp., which suggest that there may be some characteristic(s) of protective antigens shared across this diverse group of parasites. Interestingly, homologues of the IMP-1 antigen, which is protective against E. maxima infection, can be identified in Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Overall, this study documents the discovery of novel protective antigens using a population-based genetic mapping approach allied with a protection-based screen of candidate genes. The identification of AMA-1 and IMP-1 represents a substantial step towards development of an effective anti-eimerian sub-unit vaccine and raises the possibility of identification of novel antigens for other apicomplexan parasites. Moreover, validation of the parasite genetics approach to identify effective antigens supports its adoption in other parasite systems where legitimate protective antigen identification is difficult.Damer P BlakeKaren J BillingtonSusan L CopestakeRichard D OakesMichael A QuailKiew-Lian WanMartin W ShirleyAdrian L SmithPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e1001279 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Damer P Blake Karen J Billington Susan L Copestake Richard D Oakes Michael A Quail Kiew-Lian Wan Martin W Shirley Adrian L Smith Genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.
description	Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for a myriad of diseases in humans and livestock; yet despite intensive effort, development of effective sub-unit vaccines remains a long-term goal. Antigenic complexity and our inability to identify protective antigens from the pool that induce response are serious challenges in the development of new vaccines. Using a combination of parasite genetics and selective barriers with population-based genetic fingerprinting, we have identified that immunity against the most important apicomplexan parasite of livestock (Eimeria spp.) was targeted against a few discrete regions of the genome. Herein we report the identification of six genomic regions and, within two of those loci, the identification of true protective antigens that confer immunity as sub-unit vaccines. The first of these is an Eimeria maxima homologue of apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) and the second is a previously uncharacterised gene that we have termed 'immune mapped protein-1' (IMP-1). Significantly, homologues of the AMA-1 antigen are protective with a range of apicomplexan parasites including Plasmodium spp., which suggest that there may be some characteristic(s) of protective antigens shared across this diverse group of parasites. Interestingly, homologues of the IMP-1 antigen, which is protective against E. maxima infection, can be identified in Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Overall, this study documents the discovery of novel protective antigens using a population-based genetic mapping approach allied with a protection-based screen of candidate genes. The identification of AMA-1 and IMP-1 represents a substantial step towards development of an effective anti-eimerian sub-unit vaccine and raises the possibility of identification of novel antigens for other apicomplexan parasites. Moreover, validation of the parasite genetics approach to identify effective antigens supports its adoption in other parasite systems where legitimate protective antigen identification is difficult.
format	article
author	Damer P Blake Karen J Billington Susan L Copestake Richard D Oakes Michael A Quail Kiew-Lian Wan Martin W Shirley Adrian L Smith
author_facet	Damer P Blake Karen J Billington Susan L Copestake Richard D Oakes Michael A Quail Kiew-Lian Wan Martin W Shirley Adrian L Smith
author_sort	Damer P Blake
title	Genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.
title_short	Genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.
title_full	Genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.
title_fullStr	Genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.
title_sort	genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/3ab785188f584c3283c7712427409ba3
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Genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.

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