Clean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition

Direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with hydrogen is a high-potential candidate for carbon dioxide emission reduction in the iron and steel industry. This novel technology provides a new route for ‘clean’ iron production. For economic implementation, a sufficient supply of hydrogen is crucial...

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Autores principales:	Astrid Loder, Matthäus Siebenhofer, Andreas Böhm, Susanne Lux
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Direct reduction Siderite ore Methane Low-grade hydrogen Carbon dioxide Iron production Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental engineering TA170-171
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3ad4bfcac93248dcaf700bfdf7c127d1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3ad4bfcac93248dcaf700bfdf7c127d12021-12-02T05:04:27ZClean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition2666-790810.1016/j.clet.2021.100345https://doaj.org/article/3ad4bfcac93248dcaf700bfdf7c127d12021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790821003050https://doaj.org/toc/2666-7908Direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with hydrogen is a high-potential candidate for carbon dioxide emission reduction in the iron and steel industry. This novel technology provides a new route for ‘clean’ iron production. For economic implementation, a sufficient supply of hydrogen is crucial. Up to now only highly pure hydrogen sources were used for the direct reduction. On the way to a sustainable, completely hydrogen-based iron production, low-grade hydrogen sources need to be considered. The effect of the hydrogen concentration and the impact of matrix constituents such as methane and carbon dioxide in the hydrogen source on the direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with hydrogen at 873 K were investigated in this project. It was shown that complete iron carbonate conversion is possible at a metallization degree of 78 wt% with hydrogen concentrations as low as 55 vol%. Carbon dioxide in the feed gas (27–63 vol%) favors magnetite formation instead. Hydrogen is also consumed by the reverse water gas shift reaction in the formation of carbon monoxide. Methane in the feed gas (15–80 vol%) does not have a negative impact on the composition of the solid product. These results suggest that methane-rich hydrogen sources (e.g., coke oven gas) are viable options for direct iron carbonate reduction opening up a novel pathway for clean iron production from mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources.Astrid LoderMatthäus SiebenhoferAndreas BöhmSusanne LuxElsevierarticleDirect reductionSiderite oreMethaneLow-grade hydrogenCarbon dioxideIron productionRenewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental engineeringTA170-171ENCleaner Engineering and Technology, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100345- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Direct reduction Siderite ore Methane Low-grade hydrogen Carbon dioxide Iron production Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental engineering TA170-171
spellingShingle	Direct reduction Siderite ore Methane Low-grade hydrogen Carbon dioxide Iron production Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental engineering TA170-171 Astrid Loder Matthäus Siebenhofer Andreas Böhm Susanne Lux Clean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition
description	Direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with hydrogen is a high-potential candidate for carbon dioxide emission reduction in the iron and steel industry. This novel technology provides a new route for ‘clean’ iron production. For economic implementation, a sufficient supply of hydrogen is crucial. Up to now only highly pure hydrogen sources were used for the direct reduction. On the way to a sustainable, completely hydrogen-based iron production, low-grade hydrogen sources need to be considered. The effect of the hydrogen concentration and the impact of matrix constituents such as methane and carbon dioxide in the hydrogen source on the direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with hydrogen at 873 K were investigated in this project. It was shown that complete iron carbonate conversion is possible at a metallization degree of 78 wt% with hydrogen concentrations as low as 55 vol%. Carbon dioxide in the feed gas (27–63 vol%) favors magnetite formation instead. Hydrogen is also consumed by the reverse water gas shift reaction in the formation of carbon monoxide. Methane in the feed gas (15–80 vol%) does not have a negative impact on the composition of the solid product. These results suggest that methane-rich hydrogen sources (e.g., coke oven gas) are viable options for direct iron carbonate reduction opening up a novel pathway for clean iron production from mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources.
format	article
author	Astrid Loder Matthäus Siebenhofer Andreas Böhm Susanne Lux
author_facet	Astrid Loder Matthäus Siebenhofer Andreas Böhm Susanne Lux
author_sort	Astrid Loder
title	Clean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition
title_short	Clean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition
title_full	Clean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition
title_fullStr	Clean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition
title_full_unstemmed	Clean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition
title_sort	clean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3ad4bfcac93248dcaf700bfdf7c127d1
work_keys_str_mv	AT astridloder cleanironproductionthroughdirectreductionofmineralironcarbonatewithlowgradehydrogensourcestheeffectofreductionfeedgascompositiononproductandexitgascomposition AT matthaussiebenhofer cleanironproductionthroughdirectreductionofmineralironcarbonatewithlowgradehydrogensourcestheeffectofreductionfeedgascompositiononproductandexitgascomposition AT andreasbohm cleanironproductionthroughdirectreductionofmineralironcarbonatewithlowgradehydrogensourcestheeffectofreductionfeedgascompositiononproductandexitgascomposition AT susannelux cleanironproductionthroughdirectreductionofmineralironcarbonatewithlowgradehydrogensourcestheeffectofreductionfeedgascompositiononproductandexitgascomposition
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Clean iron production through direct reduction of mineral iron carbonate with low-grade hydrogen sources; the effect of reduction feed gas composition on product and exit gas composition

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