An Electromagnetic Design of a Fully Superconducting Generator for Wind Application

A fully superconducting wind generator employs superconductors in stator and rotor to enable high torque density and low weight, that is, enable an ultra-light electric machine for wind application. However, the level of the AC loss of the stator armature coils is a critical issue, which lacks inves...

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Autores principales:	Yingzhen Liu, Francesco Grilli, Jiwei Cao, Liyi Li, Chengming Zhang, Mingyi Wang, Fengyu Xu, Jingbo Lin, Mathias Noe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	AC loss estimation fully superconducting generator electromagnetic design magnetic field calculation operating currents AC loss reduction Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3b0ced88fdfc47e4be13783cbe0ad96e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3b0ced88fdfc47e4be13783cbe0ad96e2021-11-25T17:28:56ZAn Electromagnetic Design of a Fully Superconducting Generator for Wind Application10.3390/en142278111996-1073https://doaj.org/article/3b0ced88fdfc47e4be13783cbe0ad96e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7811https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073A fully superconducting wind generator employs superconductors in stator and rotor to enable high torque density and low weight, that is, enable an ultra-light electric machine for wind application. However, the level of the AC loss of the stator armature coils is a critical issue, which lacks investigations in the design of the fully superconducting generators. In this paper, an in-house model was developed to analyze the potential of a fully superconducting generator by integrating the electromagnetic design with the AC loss estimation. The electromagnetic model was made through analytical equations, which take into consideration the geometry, the magnetic properties of iron, and the nonlinear <i>E</i><i>–J</i> constitutive law of superconductors. Since the permeability of iron materials and the critical current of the superconductors depend on the magnetic field, an iteration process was proposed to find their operating points for every electromagnetic design. The AC loss estimation was carried out through finite element software based on the <i>T</i><i>–A</i> formulation of Maxwell’s equations instead of analytical equations, due to the complexity of magnetic fields, currents and rotation. The results demonstrate that the design approach is viable and efficient, and is therefore useful for the preliminary design of the generator. In addition, it is found that smaller tape width, larger distance between the superconducting coils in the same slot, smaller coil number in one slot and lower working temperature can reduce the AC loss of the stator coils, but the reduction of the AC loss needs careful design to achieve an optimum solution.Yingzhen LiuFrancesco GrilliJiwei CaoLiyi LiChengming ZhangMingyi WangFengyu XuJingbo LinMathias NoeMDPI AGarticleAC loss estimationfully superconducting generatorelectromagnetic designmagnetic field calculationoperating currentsAC loss reductionTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7811, p 7811 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	AC loss estimation fully superconducting generator electromagnetic design magnetic field calculation operating currents AC loss reduction Technology T
spellingShingle	AC loss estimation fully superconducting generator electromagnetic design magnetic field calculation operating currents AC loss reduction Technology T Yingzhen Liu Francesco Grilli Jiwei Cao Liyi Li Chengming Zhang Mingyi Wang Fengyu Xu Jingbo Lin Mathias Noe An Electromagnetic Design of a Fully Superconducting Generator for Wind Application
description	A fully superconducting wind generator employs superconductors in stator and rotor to enable high torque density and low weight, that is, enable an ultra-light electric machine for wind application. However, the level of the AC loss of the stator armature coils is a critical issue, which lacks investigations in the design of the fully superconducting generators. In this paper, an in-house model was developed to analyze the potential of a fully superconducting generator by integrating the electromagnetic design with the AC loss estimation. The electromagnetic model was made through analytical equations, which take into consideration the geometry, the magnetic properties of iron, and the nonlinear <i>E</i><i>–J</i> constitutive law of superconductors. Since the permeability of iron materials and the critical current of the superconductors depend on the magnetic field, an iteration process was proposed to find their operating points for every electromagnetic design. The AC loss estimation was carried out through finite element software based on the <i>T</i><i>–A</i> formulation of Maxwell’s equations instead of analytical equations, due to the complexity of magnetic fields, currents and rotation. The results demonstrate that the design approach is viable and efficient, and is therefore useful for the preliminary design of the generator. In addition, it is found that smaller tape width, larger distance between the superconducting coils in the same slot, smaller coil number in one slot and lower working temperature can reduce the AC loss of the stator coils, but the reduction of the AC loss needs careful design to achieve an optimum solution.
format	article
author	Yingzhen Liu Francesco Grilli Jiwei Cao Liyi Li Chengming Zhang Mingyi Wang Fengyu Xu Jingbo Lin Mathias Noe
author_facet	Yingzhen Liu Francesco Grilli Jiwei Cao Liyi Li Chengming Zhang Mingyi Wang Fengyu Xu Jingbo Lin Mathias Noe
author_sort	Yingzhen Liu
title	An Electromagnetic Design of a Fully Superconducting Generator for Wind Application
title_short	An Electromagnetic Design of a Fully Superconducting Generator for Wind Application
title_full	An Electromagnetic Design of a Fully Superconducting Generator for Wind Application
title_fullStr	An Electromagnetic Design of a Fully Superconducting Generator for Wind Application
title_full_unstemmed	An Electromagnetic Design of a Fully Superconducting Generator for Wind Application
title_sort	electromagnetic design of a fully superconducting generator for wind application
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3b0ced88fdfc47e4be13783cbe0ad96e
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An Electromagnetic Design of a Fully Superconducting Generator for Wind Application

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