Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions

Abstract Extravehicular activity (EVA) is one of the most dangerous activities of human space exploration. To ensure astronaut safety and mission success, it is imperative to identify and mitigate the inherent risks and challenges associated with EVAs. As we continue to explore beyond low earth orbi...

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Auteurs principaux:	Blaze Belobrajdic, Kate Melone, Ana Diaz-Artiles
Format:	article
Langue:	EN
Publié:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Sujets:	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
Accès en ligne:	https://doaj.org/article/3b0fb5c98de74e41b19d59331d2a5ac9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3b0fb5c98de74e41b19d59331d2a5ac92021-12-02T15:43:22ZPlanetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions10.1038/s41526-021-00144-w2373-8065https://doaj.org/article/3b0fb5c98de74e41b19d59331d2a5ac92021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-021-00144-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2373-8065Abstract Extravehicular activity (EVA) is one of the most dangerous activities of human space exploration. To ensure astronaut safety and mission success, it is imperative to identify and mitigate the inherent risks and challenges associated with EVAs. As we continue to explore beyond low earth orbit and embark on missions back to the Moon and onward to Mars, it becomes critical to reassess EVA risks in the context of a planetary surface, rather than in microgravity. This review addresses the primary risks associated with EVAs and identifies strategies that could be implemented to mitigate those risks during planetary surface exploration. Recent findings within the context of spacesuit design, Concept of Operations (CONOPS), and lessons learned from analog research sites are summarized, and how their application could pave the way for future long-duration space missions is discussed. In this context, we divided EVA risk mitigation strategies into two main categories: (1) spacesuit design and (2) CONOPS. Spacesuit design considerations include hypercapnia prevention, thermal regulation and humidity control, nutrition, hydration, waste management, health and fitness, decompression sickness, radiation shielding, and dust mitigation. Operational strategies discussed include astronaut fatigue and psychological stressors, communication delays, and the use of augmented reality/virtual reality technologies. Although there have been significant advances in EVA performance, further research and development are still warranted to enable safer and more efficient surface exploration activities in the upcoming future.Blaze BelobrajdicKate MeloneAna Diaz-ArtilesNature PortfolioarticleBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65PhysiologyQP1-981ENnpj Microgravity, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981 Blaze Belobrajdic Kate Melone Ana Diaz-Artiles Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions
description	Abstract Extravehicular activity (EVA) is one of the most dangerous activities of human space exploration. To ensure astronaut safety and mission success, it is imperative to identify and mitigate the inherent risks and challenges associated with EVAs. As we continue to explore beyond low earth orbit and embark on missions back to the Moon and onward to Mars, it becomes critical to reassess EVA risks in the context of a planetary surface, rather than in microgravity. This review addresses the primary risks associated with EVAs and identifies strategies that could be implemented to mitigate those risks during planetary surface exploration. Recent findings within the context of spacesuit design, Concept of Operations (CONOPS), and lessons learned from analog research sites are summarized, and how their application could pave the way for future long-duration space missions is discussed. In this context, we divided EVA risk mitigation strategies into two main categories: (1) spacesuit design and (2) CONOPS. Spacesuit design considerations include hypercapnia prevention, thermal regulation and humidity control, nutrition, hydration, waste management, health and fitness, decompression sickness, radiation shielding, and dust mitigation. Operational strategies discussed include astronaut fatigue and psychological stressors, communication delays, and the use of augmented reality/virtual reality technologies. Although there have been significant advances in EVA performance, further research and development are still warranted to enable safer and more efficient surface exploration activities in the upcoming future.
format	article
author	Blaze Belobrajdic Kate Melone Ana Diaz-Artiles
author_facet	Blaze Belobrajdic Kate Melone Ana Diaz-Artiles
author_sort	Blaze Belobrajdic
title	Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions
title_short	Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions
title_full	Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions
title_fullStr	Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions
title_full_unstemmed	Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions
title_sort	planetary extravehicular activity (eva) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3b0fb5c98de74e41b19d59331d2a5ac9
work_keys_str_mv	AT blazebelobrajdic planetaryextravehicularactivityevariskmitigationstrategiesforlongdurationspacemissions AT katemelone planetaryextravehicularactivityevariskmitigationstrategiesforlongdurationspacemissions AT anadiazartiles planetaryextravehicularactivityevariskmitigationstrategiesforlongdurationspacemissions
_version_	1718385803453792256

Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions

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