Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema

Pravin U Dugel,1,2 Francesco Bandello,3 Anat Loewenstein4 1Retinal Consultants of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute Scientific Institute San Raffa...

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Autores principales:	Dugel PU, Bandello F, Loewenstein A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3b171be5303b474e81faad1b04045ebe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3b171be5303b474e81faad1b04045ebe2021-12-02T02:35:23ZDexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/3b171be5303b474e81faad1b04045ebe2015-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/dexamethasone-intravitreal-implant-in-the-treatment-of-diabetic-macula-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Pravin U Dugel,1,2 Francesco Bandello,3 Anat Loewenstein4 1Retinal Consultants of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Abstract: Diabetic macular edema (DME) resembles a chronic, low-grade inflammatory reaction, and is characterized by blood–retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown and retinal capillary leakage. Corticosteroids are of therapeutic benefit because of their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and BRB-stabilizing properties. Delivery modes include periocular and intravitreal (via pars plana) injection. To offset the short intravitreal half-life of corticosteroid solutions (~3 hours) and the need for frequent intravitreal injections, sustained-release intravitreal corticosteroid implants have been developed. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant provides retinal drug delivery for ≤6 months and recently has been approved for use in the treatment of DME. Pooled findings (n=1,048) from two large-scale, randomized Phase III trials indicated that dexamethasone intravitreal implant (0.35 mg and 0.7 mg) administered at ≥6-month intervals produced sustained improvements in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular edema. Significantly more patients showed a ≥15-letter gain in BCVA at 3 years with dexamethasone intravitreal implant 0.35 mg and 0.7 mg than with sham injection (18.4% and 22.2% vs 12.0%). Anatomical assessments showed rapid and sustained reductions in macular edema and slowing of retinopathy progression. Phase II study findings suggest that dexamethasone intravitreal implant is effective in focal, cystoid, and diffuse DME, in vitrectomized eyes, and in combination with laser therapy. Ocular complications of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in Phase III trials included cataract-related events (66.0% in phakic patients), intraocular pressure elevation ≥25 mmHg (29.7%), conjunctival hemorrhage (23.5%), vitreous hemorrhage (10.0%), macular fibrosis (8.3%), conjunctival hyperemia (7.2%), eye pain (6.1%), vitreous detachment (5.8%), and dry eye (5.8%); injection-related complications (eg, retinal tear/detachment, vitreous loss, endophthalmitis) were infrequent (<2%). Dexamethasone intravitreal implant offers a viable treatment option for DME, especially in cases that are persistent or treatment (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor/laser) refractory. Keywords: corticosteroids, dexamethasone, intravitreal, implant, macular edema, diabetic retinopathyDugel PUBandello FLoewenstein ADove Medical PressarticleOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 1321-1335 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Ophthalmology RE1-994 Dugel PU Bandello F Loewenstein A Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema
description	Pravin U Dugel,1,2 Francesco Bandello,3 Anat Loewenstein4 1Retinal Consultants of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Abstract: Diabetic macular edema (DME) resembles a chronic, low-grade inflammatory reaction, and is characterized by blood–retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown and retinal capillary leakage. Corticosteroids are of therapeutic benefit because of their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and BRB-stabilizing properties. Delivery modes include periocular and intravitreal (via pars plana) injection. To offset the short intravitreal half-life of corticosteroid solutions (~3 hours) and the need for frequent intravitreal injections, sustained-release intravitreal corticosteroid implants have been developed. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant provides retinal drug delivery for ≤6 months and recently has been approved for use in the treatment of DME. Pooled findings (n=1,048) from two large-scale, randomized Phase III trials indicated that dexamethasone intravitreal implant (0.35 mg and 0.7 mg) administered at ≥6-month intervals produced sustained improvements in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular edema. Significantly more patients showed a ≥15-letter gain in BCVA at 3 years with dexamethasone intravitreal implant 0.35 mg and 0.7 mg than with sham injection (18.4% and 22.2% vs 12.0%). Anatomical assessments showed rapid and sustained reductions in macular edema and slowing of retinopathy progression. Phase II study findings suggest that dexamethasone intravitreal implant is effective in focal, cystoid, and diffuse DME, in vitrectomized eyes, and in combination with laser therapy. Ocular complications of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in Phase III trials included cataract-related events (66.0% in phakic patients), intraocular pressure elevation ≥25 mmHg (29.7%), conjunctival hemorrhage (23.5%), vitreous hemorrhage (10.0%), macular fibrosis (8.3%), conjunctival hyperemia (7.2%), eye pain (6.1%), vitreous detachment (5.8%), and dry eye (5.8%); injection-related complications (eg, retinal tear/detachment, vitreous loss, endophthalmitis) were infrequent (<2%). Dexamethasone intravitreal implant offers a viable treatment option for DME, especially in cases that are persistent or treatment (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor/laser) refractory. Keywords: corticosteroids, dexamethasone, intravitreal, implant, macular edema, diabetic retinopathy
format	article
author	Dugel PU Bandello F Loewenstein A
author_facet	Dugel PU Bandello F Loewenstein A
author_sort	Dugel PU
title	Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema
title_short	Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema
title_full	Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema
title_fullStr	Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema
title_full_unstemmed	Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema
title_sort	dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/3b171be5303b474e81faad1b04045ebe
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Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of diabetic macular edema

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