Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer

The tumor-immune interplay represents a dynamic series of events executed by cellular and soluble participants that either promote or inhibit successful tumor formation and growth. Throughout a tumor’s development and progression, the host organism’s immune system reacts by generating anti-cancer de...

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Autores principales:	Samantha K. Von Rueden, Timothy M. Fan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	comparative oncology pet dogs and cats cancer immunotherapy spontaneous model immune activation Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3b1ab1399f82457fbf05839d7e800ff0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3b1ab1399f82457fbf05839d7e800ff02021-11-19T05:19:13ZCancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer2234-943X10.3389/fonc.2021.773420https://doaj.org/article/3b1ab1399f82457fbf05839d7e800ff02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.773420/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2234-943XThe tumor-immune interplay represents a dynamic series of events executed by cellular and soluble participants that either promote or inhibit successful tumor formation and growth. Throughout a tumor’s development and progression, the host organism’s immune system reacts by generating anti-cancer defenses through various incremental and combinatorial mechanisms, and this reactive orchestration is termed the cancer-immunity cycle. Success or failure of the cancer-immunity cycle dictates the fate of both host and tumor as winner or loser. Insights into how the tumor and host immune system continuously adapt to each other throughout the lifecycle of the tumor is necessary to rationally develop new effective immunotherapies. Additionally, the evolving nature of the cancer-immunity cycle necessitates therapeutic agility, requiring real-time serial assessment of immunobiologic markers that permits tailoring of therapies to the everchanging tumor immune microenvironment. In order to accelerate advances in the field of immuno-oncology, this review summarizes the steps comprising the cancer-immunity cycle, and underscores key breakpoints in the cycle that either favor cancer regression or progression, as well as shaping of the tumor microenvironment and associated immune phenotypes. Furthermore, specific large animal models of spontaneous cancers that are deemed immunogenic will be reviewed and proposed as unique resources for validating investigational immunotherapeutic protocols that are informed by the cancer-immunity cycle. Collectively, this review will provide a progressive look into the dynamic interplay between tumor and host immune responses and raise awareness for how large animal models can be included for developing combinatorial and sequenced immunotherapies to maximizing favorable treatment outcomes.Samantha K. Von RuedenTimothy M. FanTimothy M. FanFrontiers Media S.A.articlecomparative oncologypet dogs and catscancer immunotherapyspontaneous modelimmune activationNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENFrontiers in Oncology, Vol 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	comparative oncology pet dogs and cats cancer immunotherapy spontaneous model immune activation Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	comparative oncology pet dogs and cats cancer immunotherapy spontaneous model immune activation Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Samantha K. Von Rueden Timothy M. Fan Timothy M. Fan Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer
description	The tumor-immune interplay represents a dynamic series of events executed by cellular and soluble participants that either promote or inhibit successful tumor formation and growth. Throughout a tumor’s development and progression, the host organism’s immune system reacts by generating anti-cancer defenses through various incremental and combinatorial mechanisms, and this reactive orchestration is termed the cancer-immunity cycle. Success or failure of the cancer-immunity cycle dictates the fate of both host and tumor as winner or loser. Insights into how the tumor and host immune system continuously adapt to each other throughout the lifecycle of the tumor is necessary to rationally develop new effective immunotherapies. Additionally, the evolving nature of the cancer-immunity cycle necessitates therapeutic agility, requiring real-time serial assessment of immunobiologic markers that permits tailoring of therapies to the everchanging tumor immune microenvironment. In order to accelerate advances in the field of immuno-oncology, this review summarizes the steps comprising the cancer-immunity cycle, and underscores key breakpoints in the cycle that either favor cancer regression or progression, as well as shaping of the tumor microenvironment and associated immune phenotypes. Furthermore, specific large animal models of spontaneous cancers that are deemed immunogenic will be reviewed and proposed as unique resources for validating investigational immunotherapeutic protocols that are informed by the cancer-immunity cycle. Collectively, this review will provide a progressive look into the dynamic interplay between tumor and host immune responses and raise awareness for how large animal models can be included for developing combinatorial and sequenced immunotherapies to maximizing favorable treatment outcomes.
format	article
author	Samantha K. Von Rueden Timothy M. Fan Timothy M. Fan
author_facet	Samantha K. Von Rueden Timothy M. Fan Timothy M. Fan
author_sort	Samantha K. Von Rueden
title	Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer
title_short	Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer
title_full	Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer
title_fullStr	Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer
title_full_unstemmed	Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer
title_sort	cancer-immunity cycle and therapeutic interventions- opportunities for including pet dogs with cancer
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3b1ab1399f82457fbf05839d7e800ff0
work_keys_str_mv	AT samanthakvonrueden cancerimmunitycycleandtherapeuticinterventionsopportunitiesforincludingpetdogswithcancer AT timothymfan cancerimmunitycycleandtherapeuticinterventionsopportunitiesforincludingpetdogswithcancer AT timothymfan cancerimmunitycycleandtherapeuticinterventionsopportunitiesforincludingpetdogswithcancer
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Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer

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