Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole

Abstract Blastocystis sp. infection, although many remain asymptomatic, there is growing data in recent studies that suggests it is a frequent cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adults. This proposes that treatment against this infection is necessary however metronidazole (MTZ), whic...

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Autores principales:	Sonal Girish, Suresh Kumar, Norhaniza Aminudin, Najihah Mohd Hashim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3b3315bd272c4d14b5344cde16725376
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3b3315bd272c4d14b5344cde167253762021-12-02T14:26:51ZComparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole10.1038/s41598-021-81418-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3b3315bd272c4d14b5344cde167253762021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81418-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Blastocystis sp. infection, although many remain asymptomatic, there is growing data in recent studies that suggests it is a frequent cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adults. This proposes that treatment against this infection is necessary however metronidazole (MTZ), which is the current choice of treatment, has expressed non-uniformity in its efficacy in combating this infection which has led to the study of alternative treatment. In our previous study, it was established that Tongkat Ali fractions exhibited promising anti-protozoal properties which leads to the current aim of the study, to further narrow down the purification process in order to identify the specific active compound promoting the anti-protozoal effect through HPLC analysis. Based on the data analysis and in-vitro susceptibility assay, the collected Tongkat Ali fraction that demonstrated anti-blastocystis property was shown to contain eurycomanone. Previous studies have suggested that there is a mechanism in Blastocystis sp. that regulates the apoptotic process to produce higher number of viable cells when treated. In reference to this, our current study also aims to investigate the apoptotic response of Tongkat Ali extract and eurycomanone across different subtype groups with comparison to MTZ. Based on our investigation, both Tongkat Ali extract and eurycomanone induced the high apoptotic rate however exhibited a reduction in viable cell count (p < 0.05) when compared to MTZ. This study suggests that there is potential in developing a standardized treatment regardless of subtype variations which makes Tongkat Ali extract a promising anti-protozoal treatment against all Blastocystis sp. subtype groups.Sonal GirishSuresh KumarNorhaniza AminudinNajihah Mohd HashimNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sonal Girish Suresh Kumar Norhaniza Aminudin Najihah Mohd Hashim Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole
description	Abstract Blastocystis sp. infection, although many remain asymptomatic, there is growing data in recent studies that suggests it is a frequent cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adults. This proposes that treatment against this infection is necessary however metronidazole (MTZ), which is the current choice of treatment, has expressed non-uniformity in its efficacy in combating this infection which has led to the study of alternative treatment. In our previous study, it was established that Tongkat Ali fractions exhibited promising anti-protozoal properties which leads to the current aim of the study, to further narrow down the purification process in order to identify the specific active compound promoting the anti-protozoal effect through HPLC analysis. Based on the data analysis and in-vitro susceptibility assay, the collected Tongkat Ali fraction that demonstrated anti-blastocystis property was shown to contain eurycomanone. Previous studies have suggested that there is a mechanism in Blastocystis sp. that regulates the apoptotic process to produce higher number of viable cells when treated. In reference to this, our current study also aims to investigate the apoptotic response of Tongkat Ali extract and eurycomanone across different subtype groups with comparison to MTZ. Based on our investigation, both Tongkat Ali extract and eurycomanone induced the high apoptotic rate however exhibited a reduction in viable cell count (p < 0.05) when compared to MTZ. This study suggests that there is potential in developing a standardized treatment regardless of subtype variations which makes Tongkat Ali extract a promising anti-protozoal treatment against all Blastocystis sp. subtype groups.
format	article
author	Sonal Girish Suresh Kumar Norhaniza Aminudin Najihah Mohd Hashim
author_facet	Sonal Girish Suresh Kumar Norhaniza Aminudin Najihah Mohd Hashim
author_sort	Sonal Girish
title	Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole
title_short	Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole
title_full	Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole
title_fullStr	Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole
title_sort	comparison of apoptotic responses in blastocystis sp. upon treatment with tongkat ali and metronidazole
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3b3315bd272c4d14b5344cde16725376
work_keys_str_mv	AT sonalgirish comparisonofapoptoticresponsesinblastocystisspupontreatmentwithtongkataliandmetronidazole AT sureshkumar comparisonofapoptoticresponsesinblastocystisspupontreatmentwithtongkataliandmetronidazole AT norhanizaaminudin comparisonofapoptoticresponsesinblastocystisspupontreatmentwithtongkataliandmetronidazole AT najihahmohdhashim comparisonofapoptoticresponsesinblastocystisspupontreatmentwithtongkataliandmetronidazole
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Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole

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