Evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.

The digestion of lignin and lignin-related phenolic compounds from bamboo by giant pandas has puzzled scientists because of the lack of lignin-degrading genes in the genome of the bamboo-feeding animals. We constructed a 16S rRNA gene library from the microorganisms derived from the giant panda fece...

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Autores principales:	Wei Fang, Zemin Fang, Peng Zhou, Fei Chang, Yuzhi Hong, Xuecheng Zhang, Hui Peng, Yazhong Xiao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3b358bbe644e4fe98db7b7dddef08f17
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3b358bbe644e4fe98db7b7dddef08f172021-11-18T08:07:14ZEvidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0050312https://doaj.org/article/3b358bbe644e4fe98db7b7dddef08f172012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23209704/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The digestion of lignin and lignin-related phenolic compounds from bamboo by giant pandas has puzzled scientists because of the lack of lignin-degrading genes in the genome of the bamboo-feeding animals. We constructed a 16S rRNA gene library from the microorganisms derived from the giant panda feces to identify the possibility for the presence of potential lignin-degrading bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the phylotypes of the intestinal bacteria were affiliated with the phyla Proteobacteria (53%) and Firmicutes (47%). Two phylotypes were affiliated with the known lignin-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas putida and the mangrove forest bacteria. To test the hypothesis that microbes in the giant panda gut help degrade lignin, a metagenomic library of the intestinal bacteria was constructed and screened for clones that contained genes encoding laccase, a lignin-degrading related enzyme. A multicopper oxidase gene, designated as lac51, was identified from a metagenomic clone. Sequence analysis and copper content determination indicated that Lac51 is a laccase rather than a metallo-oxidase and may work outside its original host cell because it has a TAT-type signal peptide and a transmembrane segment at its N-terminus. Lac51 oxidizes a variety of lignin-related phenolic compounds, including syringaldazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, ferulic acid, veratryl alcohol, guaiacol, and sinapinic acid at conditions that simulate the physiologic environment in giant panda intestines. Furthermore, in the presence of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), syringic acid, or ferulic acid as mediators, the oxidative ability of Lac51 on lignin was promoted. The absorbance of lignin at 445 nm decreased to 36% for ABTS, 51% for syringic acid, and 51% for ferulic acid after incubation for 10 h. Our findings demonstrate that the intestinal bacteria of giant pandas may facilitate the oxidation of lignin moieties, thereby clarifying the digestion of bamboo lignin by the animal.Wei FangZemin FangPeng ZhouFei ChangYuzhi HongXuecheng ZhangHui PengYazhong XiaoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 11, p e50312 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Wei Fang Zemin Fang Peng Zhou Fei Chang Yuzhi Hong Xuecheng Zhang Hui Peng Yazhong Xiao Evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.
description	The digestion of lignin and lignin-related phenolic compounds from bamboo by giant pandas has puzzled scientists because of the lack of lignin-degrading genes in the genome of the bamboo-feeding animals. We constructed a 16S rRNA gene library from the microorganisms derived from the giant panda feces to identify the possibility for the presence of potential lignin-degrading bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the phylotypes of the intestinal bacteria were affiliated with the phyla Proteobacteria (53%) and Firmicutes (47%). Two phylotypes were affiliated with the known lignin-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas putida and the mangrove forest bacteria. To test the hypothesis that microbes in the giant panda gut help degrade lignin, a metagenomic library of the intestinal bacteria was constructed and screened for clones that contained genes encoding laccase, a lignin-degrading related enzyme. A multicopper oxidase gene, designated as lac51, was identified from a metagenomic clone. Sequence analysis and copper content determination indicated that Lac51 is a laccase rather than a metallo-oxidase and may work outside its original host cell because it has a TAT-type signal peptide and a transmembrane segment at its N-terminus. Lac51 oxidizes a variety of lignin-related phenolic compounds, including syringaldazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, ferulic acid, veratryl alcohol, guaiacol, and sinapinic acid at conditions that simulate the physiologic environment in giant panda intestines. Furthermore, in the presence of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), syringic acid, or ferulic acid as mediators, the oxidative ability of Lac51 on lignin was promoted. The absorbance of lignin at 445 nm decreased to 36% for ABTS, 51% for syringic acid, and 51% for ferulic acid after incubation for 10 h. Our findings demonstrate that the intestinal bacteria of giant pandas may facilitate the oxidation of lignin moieties, thereby clarifying the digestion of bamboo lignin by the animal.
format	article
author	Wei Fang Zemin Fang Peng Zhou Fei Chang Yuzhi Hong Xuecheng Zhang Hui Peng Yazhong Xiao
author_facet	Wei Fang Zemin Fang Peng Zhou Fei Chang Yuzhi Hong Xuecheng Zhang Hui Peng Yazhong Xiao
author_sort	Wei Fang
title	Evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.
title_short	Evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.
title_full	Evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.
title_fullStr	Evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.
title_full_unstemmed	Evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.
title_sort	evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/3b358bbe644e4fe98db7b7dddef08f17
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Evidence for lignin oxidation by the giant panda fecal microbiome.

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