The Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial

The decellularization of plant-based biomaterials to generate tissue-engineered substitutes or in vitro cellular models has significantly increased in recent years. These vegetal tissues can be sourced from plant leaves and stems or fruits and vegetables, making them a low-cost, accessible, and sust...

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Autores principales:	Ashlee F. Harris, Jerome Lacombe, Frederic Zenhausern
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	plant-based scaffolds biomaterial tissue engineering cellulose decellularization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3b890d32637b4e44893990f49b80ce83
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3b890d32637b4e44893990f49b80ce832021-11-25T17:55:36ZThe Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial10.3390/ijms2222123471422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/3b890d32637b4e44893990f49b80ce832021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12347https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The decellularization of plant-based biomaterials to generate tissue-engineered substitutes or in vitro cellular models has significantly increased in recent years. These vegetal tissues can be sourced from plant leaves and stems or fruits and vegetables, making them a low-cost, accessible, and sustainable resource from which to generate three-dimensional scaffolds. Each construct is distinct, representing a wide range of architectural and mechanical properties as well as innate vasculature networks. Based on the rapid rise in interest, this review aims to detail the current state of the art and presents the future challenges and perspectives of these unique biomaterials. First, we consider the different existing decellularization techniques, including chemical, detergent-free, enzymatic, and supercritical fluid approaches that are used to generate such scaffolds and examine how these protocols can be selected based on plant cellularity. We next examine strategies for cell seeding onto the plant-derived constructs and the importance of the different functionalization methods used to assist in cell adhesion and promote cell viability. Finally, we discuss how their structural features, such as inherent vasculature, porosity, morphology, and mechanical properties (i.e., stiffness, elasticity, etc.) position plant-based scaffolds as a unique biomaterial and drive their use for specific downstream applications. The main challenges in the field are presented throughout the discussion, and future directions are proposed to help improve the development and use of vegetal constructs in biomedical research.Ashlee F. HarrisJerome LacombeFrederic ZenhausernMDPI AGarticleplant-based scaffoldsbiomaterialtissue engineeringcellulosedecellularizationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12347, p 12347 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	plant-based scaffolds biomaterial tissue engineering cellulose decellularization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	plant-based scaffolds biomaterial tissue engineering cellulose decellularization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Ashlee F. Harris Jerome Lacombe Frederic Zenhausern The Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial
description	The decellularization of plant-based biomaterials to generate tissue-engineered substitutes or in vitro cellular models has significantly increased in recent years. These vegetal tissues can be sourced from plant leaves and stems or fruits and vegetables, making them a low-cost, accessible, and sustainable resource from which to generate three-dimensional scaffolds. Each construct is distinct, representing a wide range of architectural and mechanical properties as well as innate vasculature networks. Based on the rapid rise in interest, this review aims to detail the current state of the art and presents the future challenges and perspectives of these unique biomaterials. First, we consider the different existing decellularization techniques, including chemical, detergent-free, enzymatic, and supercritical fluid approaches that are used to generate such scaffolds and examine how these protocols can be selected based on plant cellularity. We next examine strategies for cell seeding onto the plant-derived constructs and the importance of the different functionalization methods used to assist in cell adhesion and promote cell viability. Finally, we discuss how their structural features, such as inherent vasculature, porosity, morphology, and mechanical properties (i.e., stiffness, elasticity, etc.) position plant-based scaffolds as a unique biomaterial and drive their use for specific downstream applications. The main challenges in the field are presented throughout the discussion, and future directions are proposed to help improve the development and use of vegetal constructs in biomedical research.
format	article
author	Ashlee F. Harris Jerome Lacombe Frederic Zenhausern
author_facet	Ashlee F. Harris Jerome Lacombe Frederic Zenhausern
author_sort	Ashlee F. Harris
title	The Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial
title_short	The Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial
title_full	The Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial
title_fullStr	The Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial
title_full_unstemmed	The Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial
title_sort	emerging role of decellularized plant-based scaffolds as a new biomaterial
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3b890d32637b4e44893990f49b80ce83
work_keys_str_mv	AT ashleefharris theemergingroleofdecellularizedplantbasedscaffoldsasanewbiomaterial AT jeromelacombe theemergingroleofdecellularizedplantbasedscaffoldsasanewbiomaterial AT fredericzenhausern theemergingroleofdecellularizedplantbasedscaffoldsasanewbiomaterial AT ashleefharris emergingroleofdecellularizedplantbasedscaffoldsasanewbiomaterial AT jeromelacombe emergingroleofdecellularizedplantbasedscaffoldsasanewbiomaterial AT fredericzenhausern emergingroleofdecellularizedplantbasedscaffoldsasanewbiomaterial
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The Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial

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