The Cold Avoidance of Typhoons in Their North Turning Over the South China Sea

Based on the typhoon best tracks of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), ERA5 reanalysis data of ECMWF at 0.25 degrees horizontal resolution, and NOAA optimal interpolated sea surface temperature (OISST V2) data, the dynamical compositing analysis is used to study the north turning at near...

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Autores principales:	Shaojun Lai, Ying Li, Fen He, Yufei Wang, Yan Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	typhoon cold avoidance north turning motion change asymmetric structure Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3bc3d4db7cbc467aade0223e62001e3c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3bc3d4db7cbc467aade0223e62001e3c2021-12-03T05:49:17ZThe Cold Avoidance of Typhoons in Their North Turning Over the South China Sea2296-646310.3389/feart.2021.782195https://doaj.org/article/3bc3d4db7cbc467aade0223e62001e3c2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.782195/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463Based on the typhoon best tracks of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), ERA5 reanalysis data of ECMWF at 0.25 degrees horizontal resolution, and NOAA optimal interpolated sea surface temperature (OISST V2) data, the dynamical compositing analysis is used to study the north turning at nearly 90 degrees of 4 westward typhoons over the South China Sea (SCS). The composite analysis results show that: (1) As the typhoon goes westward into the SCS, the upper-level westerly trough moves eastward to the vicinity of 110°E in the mainland of China, and the western North Pacific subtropical high (SH) retreats eastward at the same time, which weakens the steering flow of typhoon and slowes down its movement. (2) The cold air guided by the westerly trough invades southwardly into the western part of SCS from the mainland leading to a descending and divergent airflow in the lower-to-middle atmospheric layers and enhancing the eastward pressure gradient force (PGF) in the west quadrant of the typhoon, which blocks and repesl the typhoon from moving any further westward. (3) Due to the cold air intrusion, the vertical atmospheric stratification in the west quadrant of the typhoon becomes static and stable, which may suppress the convection, impeding a typhoon’s westward motion. (4) With the cold air involving to the south of the typhoon, the direction of the PGF on the typhoon switches from eastward to northward, and the SH falling southward enhances the southwesterly airflow on the south of the typhoon at the same time. The remarkable increase of the northward steering airflows of the typhoon results in an abrupt northward turn. (5) In addition, the sea surface temperature (SST) and the ocean heat content (OHC) on the western part of the SCS is also reduced, attributed to the cold air cooling, and the typhoon is likely to avoid the cold ocean and approach a relatively warmer region. This study suggests that cold avoidance during the westward movement of typhoons is worthy of consideration in the operational forecast of typhoon tracks.Shaojun LaiShaojun LaiShaojun LaiYing LiFen HeYufei WangYan ChenFrontiers Media S.A.articletyphooncold avoidancenorth turningmotion changeasymmetric structureScienceQENFrontiers in Earth Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	typhoon cold avoidance north turning motion change asymmetric structure Science Q
spellingShingle	typhoon cold avoidance north turning motion change asymmetric structure Science Q Shaojun Lai Shaojun Lai Shaojun Lai Ying Li Fen He Yufei Wang Yan Chen The Cold Avoidance of Typhoons in Their North Turning Over the South China Sea
description	Based on the typhoon best tracks of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), ERA5 reanalysis data of ECMWF at 0.25 degrees horizontal resolution, and NOAA optimal interpolated sea surface temperature (OISST V2) data, the dynamical compositing analysis is used to study the north turning at nearly 90 degrees of 4 westward typhoons over the South China Sea (SCS). The composite analysis results show that: (1) As the typhoon goes westward into the SCS, the upper-level westerly trough moves eastward to the vicinity of 110°E in the mainland of China, and the western North Pacific subtropical high (SH) retreats eastward at the same time, which weakens the steering flow of typhoon and slowes down its movement. (2) The cold air guided by the westerly trough invades southwardly into the western part of SCS from the mainland leading to a descending and divergent airflow in the lower-to-middle atmospheric layers and enhancing the eastward pressure gradient force (PGF) in the west quadrant of the typhoon, which blocks and repesl the typhoon from moving any further westward. (3) Due to the cold air intrusion, the vertical atmospheric stratification in the west quadrant of the typhoon becomes static and stable, which may suppress the convection, impeding a typhoon’s westward motion. (4) With the cold air involving to the south of the typhoon, the direction of the PGF on the typhoon switches from eastward to northward, and the SH falling southward enhances the southwesterly airflow on the south of the typhoon at the same time. The remarkable increase of the northward steering airflows of the typhoon results in an abrupt northward turn. (5) In addition, the sea surface temperature (SST) and the ocean heat content (OHC) on the western part of the SCS is also reduced, attributed to the cold air cooling, and the typhoon is likely to avoid the cold ocean and approach a relatively warmer region. This study suggests that cold avoidance during the westward movement of typhoons is worthy of consideration in the operational forecast of typhoon tracks.
format	article
author	Shaojun Lai Shaojun Lai Shaojun Lai Ying Li Fen He Yufei Wang Yan Chen
author_facet	Shaojun Lai Shaojun Lai Shaojun Lai Ying Li Fen He Yufei Wang Yan Chen
author_sort	Shaojun Lai
title	The Cold Avoidance of Typhoons in Their North Turning Over the South China Sea
title_short	The Cold Avoidance of Typhoons in Their North Turning Over the South China Sea
title_full	The Cold Avoidance of Typhoons in Their North Turning Over the South China Sea
title_fullStr	The Cold Avoidance of Typhoons in Their North Turning Over the South China Sea
title_full_unstemmed	The Cold Avoidance of Typhoons in Their North Turning Over the South China Sea
title_sort	cold avoidance of typhoons in their north turning over the south china sea
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3bc3d4db7cbc467aade0223e62001e3c
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The Cold Avoidance of Typhoons in Their North Turning Over the South China Sea

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