Digital cranial endocast of Hyopsodus (Mammalia, "Condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?

We here describe the endocranial cast of the Eocene archaic ungulate Hyopsodus lepidus AMNH 143783 (Bridgerian, North America) reconstructed from X-ray computed microtomography data. This represents the first complete cranial endocast known for Hyopsodontinae. The Hyopsodus endocast is compared to o...

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Autores principales:	Maeva J Orliac, Christine Argot, Emmanuel Gilissen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3bc76b9445ff44cea89c7bcfc1384375
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3bc76b9445ff44cea89c7bcfc13843752021-11-18T07:28:32ZDigital cranial endocast of Hyopsodus (Mammalia, "Condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0030000https://doaj.org/article/3bc76b9445ff44cea89c7bcfc13843752012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22347998/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203We here describe the endocranial cast of the Eocene archaic ungulate Hyopsodus lepidus AMNH 143783 (Bridgerian, North America) reconstructed from X-ray computed microtomography data. This represents the first complete cranial endocast known for Hyopsodontinae. The Hyopsodus endocast is compared to other known "condylarthran" endocasts, i. e. those of Pleuraspidotherium (Pleuraspidotheriidae), Arctocyon (Arctocyonidae), Meniscotherium (Meniscotheriidae), Phenacodus (Phenacodontidae), as well as to basal perissodactyls (Hyracotherium) and artiodactyls (Cebochoerus, Homacodon). Hyopsodus presents one of the highest encephalization quotients of archaic ungulates and shows an "advanced version" of the basal ungulate brain pattern, with a mosaic of archaic characters such as large olfactory bulbs, weak ventral expansion of the neopallium, and absence of neopallium fissuration, as well as more specialized ones such as the relative reduction of the cerebellum compared to cerebrum or the enlargement of the inferior colliculus. As in other archaic ungulates, Hyopsodus midbrain exposure is important, but it exhibits a dorsally protruding largely developed inferior colliculus, a feature unique among "Condylarthra". A potential correlation between the development of the inferior colliculus in Hyopsodus and the use of terrestrial echolocation as observed in extant tenrecs and shrews is discussed. The detailed analysis of the overall morphology of the postcranial skeleton of Hyopsodus indicates a nimble, fast moving animal that likely lived in burrows. This would be compatible with terrestrial echolocation used by the animal to investigate subterranean habitat and/or to minimize predation during nocturnal exploration of the environment.Maeva J OrliacChristine ArgotEmmanuel GilissenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e30000 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maeva J Orliac Christine Argot Emmanuel Gilissen Digital cranial endocast of Hyopsodus (Mammalia, "Condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?
description	We here describe the endocranial cast of the Eocene archaic ungulate Hyopsodus lepidus AMNH 143783 (Bridgerian, North America) reconstructed from X-ray computed microtomography data. This represents the first complete cranial endocast known for Hyopsodontinae. The Hyopsodus endocast is compared to other known "condylarthran" endocasts, i. e. those of Pleuraspidotherium (Pleuraspidotheriidae), Arctocyon (Arctocyonidae), Meniscotherium (Meniscotheriidae), Phenacodus (Phenacodontidae), as well as to basal perissodactyls (Hyracotherium) and artiodactyls (Cebochoerus, Homacodon). Hyopsodus presents one of the highest encephalization quotients of archaic ungulates and shows an "advanced version" of the basal ungulate brain pattern, with a mosaic of archaic characters such as large olfactory bulbs, weak ventral expansion of the neopallium, and absence of neopallium fissuration, as well as more specialized ones such as the relative reduction of the cerebellum compared to cerebrum or the enlargement of the inferior colliculus. As in other archaic ungulates, Hyopsodus midbrain exposure is important, but it exhibits a dorsally protruding largely developed inferior colliculus, a feature unique among "Condylarthra". A potential correlation between the development of the inferior colliculus in Hyopsodus and the use of terrestrial echolocation as observed in extant tenrecs and shrews is discussed. The detailed analysis of the overall morphology of the postcranial skeleton of Hyopsodus indicates a nimble, fast moving animal that likely lived in burrows. This would be compatible with terrestrial echolocation used by the animal to investigate subterranean habitat and/or to minimize predation during nocturnal exploration of the environment.
format	article
author	Maeva J Orliac Christine Argot Emmanuel Gilissen
author_facet	Maeva J Orliac Christine Argot Emmanuel Gilissen
author_sort	Maeva J Orliac
title	Digital cranial endocast of Hyopsodus (Mammalia, "Condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?
title_short	Digital cranial endocast of Hyopsodus (Mammalia, "Condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?
title_full	Digital cranial endocast of Hyopsodus (Mammalia, "Condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?
title_fullStr	Digital cranial endocast of Hyopsodus (Mammalia, "Condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?
title_full_unstemmed	Digital cranial endocast of Hyopsodus (Mammalia, "Condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?
title_sort	digital cranial endocast of hyopsodus (mammalia, "condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/3bc76b9445ff44cea89c7bcfc1384375
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Digital cranial endocast of Hyopsodus (Mammalia, "Condylarthra"): a case of paleogene terrestrial echolocation?

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