The Thermomechanical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Bismuth Triiodide Thin Films

Abstract Bismuth triiodide (BiI3) has been studied in recent years with the aim of developing lead-free semiconductors for photovoltaics. It has also appeared in X-ray detectors due to the high density of the Bismuth element. This material is attractive as an active layer in solar cells, or may be f...

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Autores principales:	Natália F. Coutinho, Silvia Cucatti, Rafael B. Merlo, José Maria C. Silva Filho, Nelson F. Borrero Villegas, Fernando Alvarez, Ana F. Nogueira, Francisco C. Marques
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3bd7a02d15a64b54ba6b4922dc025863
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3bd7a02d15a64b54ba6b4922dc0258632021-12-02T16:08:16ZThe Thermomechanical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Bismuth Triiodide Thin Films10.1038/s41598-019-48194-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3bd7a02d15a64b54ba6b4922dc0258632019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48194-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Bismuth triiodide (BiI3) has been studied in recent years with the aim of developing lead-free semiconductors for photovoltaics. It has also appeared in X-ray detectors due to the high density of the Bismuth element. This material is attractive as an active layer in solar cells, or may be feasible for conversion into perovskite-like material (MA3Bi2I9), being also suitable for photovoltaic applications. In this study, we report on the thermomechanical properties (stress, hardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and biaxial and reduced Young’s moduli) of BiI3 thin films deposited by thermal evaporation. The stress was determined as a function of temperature, adopting the thermally induced bending technique, which allowed us to extract the coefficient of thermal expansion (31 × 10−6 °C−1) and Young’s biaxial modulus (19.6 GPa) for the films. Nanohardness (~0.76 GPa) and a reduced Young’s modulus of 27.1 GPa were determined through nanoindentation measurements.Natália F. CoutinhoSilvia CucattiRafael B. MerloJosé Maria C. Silva FilhoNelson F. Borrero VillegasFernando AlvarezAna F. NogueiraFrancisco C. MarquesNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Natália F. Coutinho Silvia Cucatti Rafael B. Merlo José Maria C. Silva Filho Nelson F. Borrero Villegas Fernando Alvarez Ana F. Nogueira Francisco C. Marques The Thermomechanical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Bismuth Triiodide Thin Films
description	Abstract Bismuth triiodide (BiI3) has been studied in recent years with the aim of developing lead-free semiconductors for photovoltaics. It has also appeared in X-ray detectors due to the high density of the Bismuth element. This material is attractive as an active layer in solar cells, or may be feasible for conversion into perovskite-like material (MA3Bi2I9), being also suitable for photovoltaic applications. In this study, we report on the thermomechanical properties (stress, hardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and biaxial and reduced Young’s moduli) of BiI3 thin films deposited by thermal evaporation. The stress was determined as a function of temperature, adopting the thermally induced bending technique, which allowed us to extract the coefficient of thermal expansion (31 × 10−6 °C−1) and Young’s biaxial modulus (19.6 GPa) for the films. Nanohardness (~0.76 GPa) and a reduced Young’s modulus of 27.1 GPa were determined through nanoindentation measurements.
format	article
author	Natália F. Coutinho Silvia Cucatti Rafael B. Merlo José Maria C. Silva Filho Nelson F. Borrero Villegas Fernando Alvarez Ana F. Nogueira Francisco C. Marques
author_facet	Natália F. Coutinho Silvia Cucatti Rafael B. Merlo José Maria C. Silva Filho Nelson F. Borrero Villegas Fernando Alvarez Ana F. Nogueira Francisco C. Marques
author_sort	Natália F. Coutinho
title	The Thermomechanical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Bismuth Triiodide Thin Films
title_short	The Thermomechanical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Bismuth Triiodide Thin Films
title_full	The Thermomechanical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Bismuth Triiodide Thin Films
title_fullStr	The Thermomechanical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Bismuth Triiodide Thin Films
title_full_unstemmed	The Thermomechanical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Bismuth Triiodide Thin Films
title_sort	thermomechanical properties of thermally evaporated bismuth triiodide thin films
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/3bd7a02d15a64b54ba6b4922dc025863
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The Thermomechanical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Bismuth Triiodide Thin Films

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