Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors

Abstract Understanding how aquatic species respond to extremes of DO and temperature is crucial for determining how they will be affected by climate change, which is predicted to increasingly expose them to levels beyond their optima. In this study we used novel animal-borne DO, temperature and dept...

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Autores principales:	Kilian M. Stehfest, Chris G. Carter, Jaime D. McAllister, Jeff D. Ross, Jayson M. Semmens
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3bd8b604f776482e8af4419f9924a423
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3bd8b604f776482e8af4419f9924a4232021-12-02T15:05:57ZResponse of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors10.1038/s41598-017-04806-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3bd8b604f776482e8af4419f9924a4232017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04806-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Understanding how aquatic species respond to extremes of DO and temperature is crucial for determining how they will be affected by climate change, which is predicted to increasingly expose them to levels beyond their optima. In this study we used novel animal-borne DO, temperature and depth sensors to determine the effect of extremes of DO and temperature on the vertical habitat use of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in aquaculture cages. Salmon showed a preference for temperatures around 16.5 to 17.5 °C, however, selection of preferred temperatures was trumped by active avoidance of low DO (<35% saturation) at the bottom of the cage. In addition to low DO, salmon also avoided warm surface waters (>20.1 °C), which led to a considerable contraction in the available vertical habitat. Despite their avoidance behavior, fish spent a large amount of time in waters with suboptimal DO (<60% saturation). These results show that vertical habitat contraction could likely be a significant consequence of climate change if the reduction in DO outpaces the increase in hypoxia tolerance through local adaptation. They furthermore highlight that site-specific environmental conditions and stock-specific tolerance thresholds may need to be considered when determining stocking densities.Kilian M. StehfestChris G. CarterJaime D. McAllisterJeff D. RossJayson M. SemmensNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kilian M. Stehfest Chris G. Carter Jaime D. McAllister Jeff D. Ross Jayson M. Semmens Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors
description	Abstract Understanding how aquatic species respond to extremes of DO and temperature is crucial for determining how they will be affected by climate change, which is predicted to increasingly expose them to levels beyond their optima. In this study we used novel animal-borne DO, temperature and depth sensors to determine the effect of extremes of DO and temperature on the vertical habitat use of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in aquaculture cages. Salmon showed a preference for temperatures around 16.5 to 17.5 °C, however, selection of preferred temperatures was trumped by active avoidance of low DO (<35% saturation) at the bottom of the cage. In addition to low DO, salmon also avoided warm surface waters (>20.1 °C), which led to a considerable contraction in the available vertical habitat. Despite their avoidance behavior, fish spent a large amount of time in waters with suboptimal DO (<60% saturation). These results show that vertical habitat contraction could likely be a significant consequence of climate change if the reduction in DO outpaces the increase in hypoxia tolerance through local adaptation. They furthermore highlight that site-specific environmental conditions and stock-specific tolerance thresholds may need to be considered when determining stocking densities.
format	article
author	Kilian M. Stehfest Chris G. Carter Jaime D. McAllister Jeff D. Ross Jayson M. Semmens
author_facet	Kilian M. Stehfest Chris G. Carter Jaime D. McAllister Jeff D. Ross Jayson M. Semmens
author_sort	Kilian M. Stehfest
title	Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors
title_short	Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors
title_full	Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors
title_fullStr	Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors
title_full_unstemmed	Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors
title_sort	response of atlantic salmon salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/3bd8b604f776482e8af4419f9924a423
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Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors

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