Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin

ABSTRACT Human skin microbiota has been described as a “microbial fingerprint” due to observed differences between individuals. Current understanding of the cutaneous microbiota is based on sampling the outermost layers of the epidermis, while the microbiota in the remaining skin layers has not yet...

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Autores principales:	Lene Bay, Christopher James Barnes, Blaine Gabriel Fritz, Jonathan Thorsen, Marlene Elise Møller Restrup, Linett Rasmussen, Johan Kløvgaard Sørensen, Anne Brun Hesselvig, Anders Odgaard, Anders Johannes Hansen, Thomas Bjarnsholt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	16S rRNA genes cutaneous compartments DNA sequencing dermal microbiota dry habitat skin biopsies Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3bdf99081bd6437ba1cc9bab7c581fdf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3bdf99081bd6437ba1cc9bab7c581fdf2021-11-15T15:56:57ZUniversal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin10.1128/mBio.02945-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/3bdf99081bd6437ba1cc9bab7c581fdf2020-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02945-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Human skin microbiota has been described as a “microbial fingerprint” due to observed differences between individuals. Current understanding of the cutaneous microbiota is based on sampling the outermost layers of the epidermis, while the microbiota in the remaining skin layers has not yet been fully characterized. Environmental conditions can vary drastically between the cutaneous compartments and give rise to unique communities. We demonstrate that the dermal microbiota is surprisingly similar among individuals and contains a specific subset of the epidermal microbiota. Variability in bacterial community composition decreased significantly from the epidermal to the dermal compartment but was similar among anatomic locations (hip and knee). The composition of the epidermal microbiota was more strongly affected by environmental factors than that of the dermal community. These results indicate a well-conserved dermal community that is functionally distinct from the epidermal community, challenging the current dogma. Future studies in cutaneous disorders and chronic infections may benefit by focusing on the dermal microbiota as a persistent microbial community. IMPORTANCE Human skin microbiota is thought to be unique according to the individual's lifestyle and genetic predisposition. This is true for the epidermal microbiota, while our findings demonstrate that the dermal microbiota is universal between healthy individuals. The preserved dermal microbial community is compositionally unique and functionally distinct to the specific environment in the depth of human skin. It is expected to have direct contact with the immune response of the human host, and research in the communication between host and microbiota should be targeted to this cutaneous compartment. This novel insight into specific microbial adaptation can be used advantageously in the research of chronic disorders and infections of the skin. It can enlighten the alteration between health and disease to the benefit of patients suffering from long-lasting socioeconomic illnesses.Lene BayChristopher James BarnesBlaine Gabriel FritzJonathan ThorsenMarlene Elise Møller RestrupLinett RasmussenJohan Kløvgaard SørensenAnne Brun HesselvigAnders OdgaardAnders Johannes HansenThomas BjarnsholtAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticle16S rRNA genescutaneous compartmentsDNA sequencingdermal microbiotadry habitatskin biopsiesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 1 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	16S rRNA genes cutaneous compartments DNA sequencing dermal microbiota dry habitat skin biopsies Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	16S rRNA genes cutaneous compartments DNA sequencing dermal microbiota dry habitat skin biopsies Microbiology QR1-502 Lene Bay Christopher James Barnes Blaine Gabriel Fritz Jonathan Thorsen Marlene Elise Møller Restrup Linett Rasmussen Johan Kløvgaard Sørensen Anne Brun Hesselvig Anders Odgaard Anders Johannes Hansen Thomas Bjarnsholt Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin
description	ABSTRACT Human skin microbiota has been described as a “microbial fingerprint” due to observed differences between individuals. Current understanding of the cutaneous microbiota is based on sampling the outermost layers of the epidermis, while the microbiota in the remaining skin layers has not yet been fully characterized. Environmental conditions can vary drastically between the cutaneous compartments and give rise to unique communities. We demonstrate that the dermal microbiota is surprisingly similar among individuals and contains a specific subset of the epidermal microbiota. Variability in bacterial community composition decreased significantly from the epidermal to the dermal compartment but was similar among anatomic locations (hip and knee). The composition of the epidermal microbiota was more strongly affected by environmental factors than that of the dermal community. These results indicate a well-conserved dermal community that is functionally distinct from the epidermal community, challenging the current dogma. Future studies in cutaneous disorders and chronic infections may benefit by focusing on the dermal microbiota as a persistent microbial community. IMPORTANCE Human skin microbiota is thought to be unique according to the individual's lifestyle and genetic predisposition. This is true for the epidermal microbiota, while our findings demonstrate that the dermal microbiota is universal between healthy individuals. The preserved dermal microbial community is compositionally unique and functionally distinct to the specific environment in the depth of human skin. It is expected to have direct contact with the immune response of the human host, and research in the communication between host and microbiota should be targeted to this cutaneous compartment. This novel insight into specific microbial adaptation can be used advantageously in the research of chronic disorders and infections of the skin. It can enlighten the alteration between health and disease to the benefit of patients suffering from long-lasting socioeconomic illnesses.
format	article
author	Lene Bay Christopher James Barnes Blaine Gabriel Fritz Jonathan Thorsen Marlene Elise Møller Restrup Linett Rasmussen Johan Kløvgaard Sørensen Anne Brun Hesselvig Anders Odgaard Anders Johannes Hansen Thomas Bjarnsholt
author_facet	Lene Bay Christopher James Barnes Blaine Gabriel Fritz Jonathan Thorsen Marlene Elise Møller Restrup Linett Rasmussen Johan Kløvgaard Sørensen Anne Brun Hesselvig Anders Odgaard Anders Johannes Hansen Thomas Bjarnsholt
author_sort	Lene Bay
title	Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin
title_short	Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin
title_full	Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin
title_fullStr	Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin
title_full_unstemmed	Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin
title_sort	universal dermal microbiome in human skin
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/3bdf99081bd6437ba1cc9bab7c581fdf
work_keys_str_mv	AT lenebay universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT christopherjamesbarnes universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT blainegabrielfritz universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT jonathanthorsen universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT marleneelisemøllerrestrup universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT linettrasmussen universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT johankløvgaardsørensen universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT annebrunhesselvig universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT andersodgaard universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT andersjohanneshansen universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin AT thomasbjarnsholt universaldermalmicrobiomeinhumanskin
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Universal Dermal Microbiome in Human Skin

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