Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents

Abstract The Initial Operational Response (IOR) to chemical incidents is a suite of rapid strategies including evacuation, disrobe and improvised and interim decontamination. IOR and Specialist Operational Response (SOR) decontamination protocols involving mass decontamination units would be conduct...

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Autores principales:	Samuel Collins, Natalie Williams, Felicity Southworth, Thomas James, Louise Davidson, Emily Orchard, Tim Marczylo, Richard Amlôt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3bec8dbe091d45fd804e73667d4fc9ee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3bec8dbe091d45fd804e73667d4fc9ee2021-12-02T16:26:23ZEvaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents10.1038/s41598-021-94644-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3bec8dbe091d45fd804e73667d4fc9ee2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94644-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The Initial Operational Response (IOR) to chemical incidents is a suite of rapid strategies including evacuation, disrobe and improvised and interim decontamination. IOR and Specialist Operational Response (SOR) decontamination protocols involving mass decontamination units would be conducted in sequence by UK emergency services following a chemical incident, to allow for safe onward transfer of casualties. As part of a series of human volunteer studies, we examined for the first time, the effectiveness of UK IOR and SOR decontamination procedures alone and in sequence. Specifically, we evaluated the additional contribution of SOR, when following improvised and interim decontamination. Two simulants, methyl salicylate (MeS) with vegetable oil and benzyl salicylate (BeS), were applied to participants’ skin. Participants underwent improvised dry, improvised wet, interim wet, specialist decontamination and a no decontamination control. Skin analysis and UV photography indicated significantly lower levels of both simulants remaining following decontamination compared to controls. There were no significant differences in MeS levels recovered between decontamination conditions. Analysis of BeS, a more persistent simulant than MeS, showed that recovery from skin was significantly reduced following combined IOR with SOR than IOR alone. These results show modest additional benefits of decontamination interventions conducted in sequence, particularly for persistent chemicals, supporting current UK operational procedures.Samuel CollinsNatalie WilliamsFelicity SouthworthThomas JamesLouise DavidsonEmily OrchardTim MarczyloRichard AmlôtNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Samuel Collins Natalie Williams Felicity Southworth Thomas James Louise Davidson Emily Orchard Tim Marczylo Richard Amlôt Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents
description	Abstract The Initial Operational Response (IOR) to chemical incidents is a suite of rapid strategies including evacuation, disrobe and improvised and interim decontamination. IOR and Specialist Operational Response (SOR) decontamination protocols involving mass decontamination units would be conducted in sequence by UK emergency services following a chemical incident, to allow for safe onward transfer of casualties. As part of a series of human volunteer studies, we examined for the first time, the effectiveness of UK IOR and SOR decontamination procedures alone and in sequence. Specifically, we evaluated the additional contribution of SOR, when following improvised and interim decontamination. Two simulants, methyl salicylate (MeS) with vegetable oil and benzyl salicylate (BeS), were applied to participants’ skin. Participants underwent improvised dry, improvised wet, interim wet, specialist decontamination and a no decontamination control. Skin analysis and UV photography indicated significantly lower levels of both simulants remaining following decontamination compared to controls. There were no significant differences in MeS levels recovered between decontamination conditions. Analysis of BeS, a more persistent simulant than MeS, showed that recovery from skin was significantly reduced following combined IOR with SOR than IOR alone. These results show modest additional benefits of decontamination interventions conducted in sequence, particularly for persistent chemicals, supporting current UK operational procedures.
format	article
author	Samuel Collins Natalie Williams Felicity Southworth Thomas James Louise Davidson Emily Orchard Tim Marczylo Richard Amlôt
author_facet	Samuel Collins Natalie Williams Felicity Southworth Thomas James Louise Davidson Emily Orchard Tim Marczylo Richard Amlôt
author_sort	Samuel Collins
title	Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents
title_short	Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents
title_full	Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents
title_fullStr	Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents
title_sort	evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3bec8dbe091d45fd804e73667d4fc9ee
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Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents

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