Hepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response

Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver and is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to its scavenging activity, Punica granatum may be used for the treatment and prevention of liver diseases. The current study investigated the protective mechanism underlying the eff...

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Autores principales:	Hamid Ali, Azra Jahan, Samrana Samrana, Abid Ali, Safdar Ali, Nurul Kabir, Amjad Ali, Riaz Ullah, Ramzi A. Mothana, Bibi Nazia Murtaza, Muhammad Kalim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	pomegranate hepatotoxicity histology oxidative stress Kupffer cells iNOS Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3bfffb4ecaac4c4ca84958bb52f9905c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3bfffb4ecaac4c4ca84958bb52f9905c2021-12-01T08:38:05ZHepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response1663-981210.3389/fphar.2021.694607https://doaj.org/article/3bfffb4ecaac4c4ca84958bb52f9905c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.694607/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver and is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to its scavenging activity, Punica granatum may be used for the treatment and prevention of liver diseases. The current study investigated the protective mechanism underlying the effects of pomegranate against a rat model of carbon tetrachloride–induced liver injury. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 resulted in liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and accumulation of lipid in hepatocytes. CCl4 induced a downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and melonaldehyde (MDA). Pomegranate protection was assessed in terms of biochemical parameters, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Promegranate administration decreased inflammation, elevated serum enzymes and ROS production, and countered the debilitating effects caused by CCl4. In addition, CCl4-induced histological changes were absent in the crude pomegranate extract group, which also enhanced the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species by enhancing the antioxidant defense mechanism as confirmed by detecting MDA, SOD, and GSH expressions. The migration of CD68+ macrophages was halted at the injured area of the central vein and the number of macrophages was reduced to the normal control by the crude extract compared to the positive control silymarin group. Likewise, protective effects of ethylacetate and the aqueous fraction of the crude extract were also observed. However, the butanol and n-hexane fractions displayed increased levels of ALT, AST, and ALP as compared to silymarin. About 25% damage to hepatocytes was observed in the butanol and n-hexane group by histopathological examination, which is a little better compared to the CCl4-treated group. The crude extract and its ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions may be accountable for the hepatoprotective potential of Punica granatum, which was further confirmed by in vivo experiments. Together, these findings confirm that pomegranate exerts hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and liver damage.Hamid AliAzra JahanSamrana SamranaAbid AliSafdar AliNurul KabirAmjad AliRiaz UllahRamzi A. MothanaBibi Nazia MurtazaMuhammad KalimFrontiers Media S.A.articlepomegranatehepatotoxicityhistologyoxidative stressKupffer cellsiNOSTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENFrontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pomegranate hepatotoxicity histology oxidative stress Kupffer cells iNOS Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	pomegranate hepatotoxicity histology oxidative stress Kupffer cells iNOS Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Hamid Ali Azra Jahan Samrana Samrana Abid Ali Safdar Ali Nurul Kabir Amjad Ali Riaz Ullah Ramzi A. Mothana Bibi Nazia Murtaza Muhammad Kalim Hepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response
description	Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver and is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to its scavenging activity, Punica granatum may be used for the treatment and prevention of liver diseases. The current study investigated the protective mechanism underlying the effects of pomegranate against a rat model of carbon tetrachloride–induced liver injury. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 resulted in liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and accumulation of lipid in hepatocytes. CCl4 induced a downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and melonaldehyde (MDA). Pomegranate protection was assessed in terms of biochemical parameters, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Promegranate administration decreased inflammation, elevated serum enzymes and ROS production, and countered the debilitating effects caused by CCl4. In addition, CCl4-induced histological changes were absent in the crude pomegranate extract group, which also enhanced the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species by enhancing the antioxidant defense mechanism as confirmed by detecting MDA, SOD, and GSH expressions. The migration of CD68+ macrophages was halted at the injured area of the central vein and the number of macrophages was reduced to the normal control by the crude extract compared to the positive control silymarin group. Likewise, protective effects of ethylacetate and the aqueous fraction of the crude extract were also observed. However, the butanol and n-hexane fractions displayed increased levels of ALT, AST, and ALP as compared to silymarin. About 25% damage to hepatocytes was observed in the butanol and n-hexane group by histopathological examination, which is a little better compared to the CCl4-treated group. The crude extract and its ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions may be accountable for the hepatoprotective potential of Punica granatum, which was further confirmed by in vivo experiments. Together, these findings confirm that pomegranate exerts hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and liver damage.
format	article
author	Hamid Ali Azra Jahan Samrana Samrana Abid Ali Safdar Ali Nurul Kabir Amjad Ali Riaz Ullah Ramzi A. Mothana Bibi Nazia Murtaza Muhammad Kalim
author_facet	Hamid Ali Azra Jahan Samrana Samrana Abid Ali Safdar Ali Nurul Kabir Amjad Ali Riaz Ullah Ramzi A. Mothana Bibi Nazia Murtaza Muhammad Kalim
author_sort	Hamid Ali
title	Hepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response
title_short	Hepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response
title_full	Hepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response
title_fullStr	Hepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response
title_full_unstemmed	Hepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response
title_sort	hepatoprotective potential of pomegranate in curbing the incidence of acute liver injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3bfffb4ecaac4c4ca84958bb52f9905c
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Hepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response

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