Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress

Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae contain a number of species and play an important role in the establishment of coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic marine waters. Effrenium voratum is likely an exclusively free-living and heterotrophic species of Symbiodiniaceae. How this species resp...

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Autores principales:	Sanqiang Gong, Gang Li, Xuejie Jin, Dajun Qiu, Jiayuan Liang, Kefu Yu, Yehui Tan, Xiao Ma, Xiaomin Xia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum photobleaching life form warming Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3c2b3af9c79a463b9dadafabf1842f10
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3c2b3af9c79a463b9dadafabf1842f102021-12-01T16:55:06ZPhotobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.740416https://doaj.org/article/3c2b3af9c79a463b9dadafabf1842f102021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.740416/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae contain a number of species and play an important role in the establishment of coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic marine waters. Effrenium voratum is likely an exclusively free-living and heterotrophic species of Symbiodiniaceae. How this species responds and acclimates to warming is largely unknown. The present study experimentally established the phenotypic landscapes related to the photobleaching and recovery processes of Effrenium voratum SCS01 following thermal stress. We found that thermal stress bleached the plastids of E. voratum SCS01 and caused the cells to become lighter in color. Thereafter, the bleached cells recovered rapidly when they returned to the optimal temperature. The dominant life form of E. voratum SCS01 shifted from mastigote cells to coccoid cells then returned to mastigote cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the photobleaching of E. voratum SCS01 was due to increased degradation and decreased biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments. The thermally induced life form changes were related to the downregulation of genes for cell motility. Our results revealed the mechanism of photobleaching in E. voratum SCS01 and indicated life form transformation as a newly identified survival strategy of Effrenium voratum SCS01 under thermal stress.Sanqiang GongSanqiang GongGang LiGang LiXuejie JinDajun QiuDajun QiuJiayuan LiangKefu YuYehui TanYehui TanXiao MaXiao MaXiaomin XiaXiaomin XiaFrontiers Media S.A.articleSymbiodiniaceaeEffrenium voratumphotobleachinglife formwarmingScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum photobleaching life form warming Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum photobleaching life form warming Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Sanqiang Gong Sanqiang Gong Gang Li Gang Li Xuejie Jin Dajun Qiu Dajun Qiu Jiayuan Liang Kefu Yu Yehui Tan Yehui Tan Xiao Ma Xiao Ma Xiaomin Xia Xiaomin Xia Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress
description	Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae contain a number of species and play an important role in the establishment of coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic marine waters. Effrenium voratum is likely an exclusively free-living and heterotrophic species of Symbiodiniaceae. How this species responds and acclimates to warming is largely unknown. The present study experimentally established the phenotypic landscapes related to the photobleaching and recovery processes of Effrenium voratum SCS01 following thermal stress. We found that thermal stress bleached the plastids of E. voratum SCS01 and caused the cells to become lighter in color. Thereafter, the bleached cells recovered rapidly when they returned to the optimal temperature. The dominant life form of E. voratum SCS01 shifted from mastigote cells to coccoid cells then returned to mastigote cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the photobleaching of E. voratum SCS01 was due to increased degradation and decreased biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments. The thermally induced life form changes were related to the downregulation of genes for cell motility. Our results revealed the mechanism of photobleaching in E. voratum SCS01 and indicated life form transformation as a newly identified survival strategy of Effrenium voratum SCS01 under thermal stress.
format	article
author	Sanqiang Gong Sanqiang Gong Gang Li Gang Li Xuejie Jin Dajun Qiu Dajun Qiu Jiayuan Liang Kefu Yu Yehui Tan Yehui Tan Xiao Ma Xiao Ma Xiaomin Xia Xiaomin Xia
author_facet	Sanqiang Gong Sanqiang Gong Gang Li Gang Li Xuejie Jin Dajun Qiu Dajun Qiu Jiayuan Liang Kefu Yu Yehui Tan Yehui Tan Xiao Ma Xiao Ma Xiaomin Xia Xiaomin Xia
author_sort	Sanqiang Gong
title	Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress
title_short	Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress
title_full	Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress
title_fullStr	Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress
title_full_unstemmed	Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress
title_sort	photobleaching and recovery of symbiodiniaceae effrenium voratum scs01 reveals life form transformation under thermal stress
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3c2b3af9c79a463b9dadafabf1842f10
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Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress

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