Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation—A Review

Different classes of artificial pollutants, collectively called emerging pollutants, are detected in various water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and seas. Multiple studies have shown the devastating effects these emerging pollutants can have on human and aquatic life. The main reason for these em...

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Autores principales:	Khadega A. Al-Maqdi, Nada Elmerhi, Khawlah Athamneh, Muhammad Bilal, Ahmed Alzamly, Syed Salman Ashraf, Iltaf Shah
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	peroxidases enzymes water remediation enzyme evolution enzyme immobilization hybrid nanoflowers metal organic framework Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3c2d52956691476a88f64087c26e4e97
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:3c2d52956691476a88f64087c26e4e97
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3c2d52956691476a88f64087c26e4e972021-11-25T18:32:38ZChallenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation—A Review10.3390/nano111131242079-4991https://doaj.org/article/3c2d52956691476a88f64087c26e4e972021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3124https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Different classes of artificial pollutants, collectively called emerging pollutants, are detected in various water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and seas. Multiple studies have shown the devastating effects these emerging pollutants can have on human and aquatic life. The main reason for these emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment is their incomplete removal in the existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Several additional treatments that could potentially supplement existing WWTPs to eliminate these pollutants include a range of physicochemical and biological methods. The use of enzymes, specifically, oxidoreductases, are increasingly being studied for their ability to degrade different classes of organic compounds. These enzymes have been immobilized on different supports to promote their adoption as a cost-effective and recyclable remediation approach. Unfortunately, some of these techniques have shown a negative effect on the enzyme, including denaturation and loss of catalytic activity. This review focuses on the major challenges facing researchers working on the immobilization of peroxidases and the recent progress that has been made in this area. It focuses on four major areas: (1) stability of enzymes upon immobilization, enzyme engineering, and evolution; (2) recyclability and reusability, including immobilization on membranes and solid supports; (3) cost associated with enzyme-based remediation; and (4) scaling-up and bioreactors.Khadega A. Al-MaqdiNada ElmerhiKhawlah AthamnehMuhammad BilalAhmed AlzamlySyed Salman AshrafIltaf ShahMDPI AGarticleperoxidases enzymeswater remediation enzyme evolutionenzyme immobilizationhybrid nanoflowersmetal organic frameworkChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 3124, p 3124 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	peroxidases enzymes water remediation enzyme evolution enzyme immobilization hybrid nanoflowers metal organic framework Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	peroxidases enzymes water remediation enzyme evolution enzyme immobilization hybrid nanoflowers metal organic framework Chemistry QD1-999 Khadega A. Al-Maqdi Nada Elmerhi Khawlah Athamneh Muhammad Bilal Ahmed Alzamly Syed Salman Ashraf Iltaf Shah Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation—A Review
description	Different classes of artificial pollutants, collectively called emerging pollutants, are detected in various water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and seas. Multiple studies have shown the devastating effects these emerging pollutants can have on human and aquatic life. The main reason for these emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment is their incomplete removal in the existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Several additional treatments that could potentially supplement existing WWTPs to eliminate these pollutants include a range of physicochemical and biological methods. The use of enzymes, specifically, oxidoreductases, are increasingly being studied for their ability to degrade different classes of organic compounds. These enzymes have been immobilized on different supports to promote their adoption as a cost-effective and recyclable remediation approach. Unfortunately, some of these techniques have shown a negative effect on the enzyme, including denaturation and loss of catalytic activity. This review focuses on the major challenges facing researchers working on the immobilization of peroxidases and the recent progress that has been made in this area. It focuses on four major areas: (1) stability of enzymes upon immobilization, enzyme engineering, and evolution; (2) recyclability and reusability, including immobilization on membranes and solid supports; (3) cost associated with enzyme-based remediation; and (4) scaling-up and bioreactors.
format	article
author	Khadega A. Al-Maqdi Nada Elmerhi Khawlah Athamneh Muhammad Bilal Ahmed Alzamly Syed Salman Ashraf Iltaf Shah
author_facet	Khadega A. Al-Maqdi Nada Elmerhi Khawlah Athamneh Muhammad Bilal Ahmed Alzamly Syed Salman Ashraf Iltaf Shah
author_sort	Khadega A. Al-Maqdi
title	Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation—A Review
title_short	Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation—A Review
title_full	Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation—A Review
title_fullStr	Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation—A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation—A Review
title_sort	challenges and recent advances in enzyme-mediated wastewater remediation—a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3c2d52956691476a88f64087c26e4e97
work_keys_str_mv	AT khadegaaalmaqdi challengesandrecentadvancesinenzymemediatedwastewaterremediationareview AT nadaelmerhi challengesandrecentadvancesinenzymemediatedwastewaterremediationareview AT khawlahathamneh challengesandrecentadvancesinenzymemediatedwastewaterremediationareview AT muhammadbilal challengesandrecentadvancesinenzymemediatedwastewaterremediationareview AT ahmedalzamly challengesandrecentadvancesinenzymemediatedwastewaterremediationareview AT syedsalmanashraf challengesandrecentadvancesinenzymemediatedwastewaterremediationareview AT iltafshah challengesandrecentadvancesinenzymemediatedwastewaterremediationareview
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Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation—A Review

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