The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion
The content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in ash samples from miscanthus, oak, pine, sunflower husk, wheat straw, and willow ashes burned at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, respectively, was determined. The statistical analysis of the results was based on multivariate methods:...
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MDPI AG
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:3c4a8c0352c3445a9ee8c1b0b15b71152021-11-11T15:44:01ZThe Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion10.3390/en142168871996-1073https://doaj.org/article/3c4a8c0352c3445a9ee8c1b0b15b71152021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/6887https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073The content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in ash samples from miscanthus, oak, pine, sunflower husk, wheat straw, and willow ashes burned at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, respectively, was determined. The statistical analysis of the results was based on multivariate methods: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), which made it possible to classify the raw materials ashed at different temperatures into the most similar groups, and to study the structure of data variability. Using PCA, three principal components were extracted, which explain more than 88% of the variability of the studied elements. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of multivariate statistical techniques to the analysis of the results of the study of heavy metal content allowed us to draw conclusions about the influence of biomass properties on its chemical characteristics during combustion.Małgorzata SzczepanikJoanna Szyszlak-BargłowiczGrzegorz ZającAdam KoniuszyMałgorzata Hawrot-PawArtur WolakMDPI AGarticleash compositionbiomassmultivariate data analysisTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 6887, p 6887 (2021) |
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EN |
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ash composition biomass multivariate data analysis Technology T |
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ash composition biomass multivariate data analysis Technology T Małgorzata Szczepanik Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz Grzegorz Zając Adam Koniuszy Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw Artur Wolak The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion |
| description |
The content of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in ash samples from miscanthus, oak, pine, sunflower husk, wheat straw, and willow ashes burned at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C, respectively, was determined. The statistical analysis of the results was based on multivariate methods: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), which made it possible to classify the raw materials ashed at different temperatures into the most similar groups, and to study the structure of data variability. Using PCA, three principal components were extracted, which explain more than 88% of the variability of the studied elements. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of multivariate statistical techniques to the analysis of the results of the study of heavy metal content allowed us to draw conclusions about the influence of biomass properties on its chemical characteristics during combustion. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Małgorzata Szczepanik Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz Grzegorz Zając Adam Koniuszy Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw Artur Wolak |
| author_facet |
Małgorzata Szczepanik Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz Grzegorz Zając Adam Koniuszy Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw Artur Wolak |
| author_sort |
Małgorzata Szczepanik |
| title |
The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion |
| title_short |
The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion |
| title_full |
The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion |
| title_fullStr |
The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Use of Multivariate Data Analysis (HCA and PCA) to Characterize Ashes from Biomass Combustion |
| title_sort |
use of multivariate data analysis (hca and pca) to characterize ashes from biomass combustion |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/3c4a8c0352c3445a9ee8c1b0b15b7115 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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