Diagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult and Child Faces

Knowing how humans differentiate children from adults has useful implications in many areas of both forensic and cognitive psychology. Yet, how we extract age from faces has been surprisingly underexplored in both disciplines. Here, we used a novel data-driven experimental technique to objectively m...

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Autores principales:	Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand, Juliane A. Kloess, Frédéric Gosselin, Ian Charest, Jessica Woodhams
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	face age facial feature forensic psychology and legal issues face perception and cognition psychophysics vision Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3c4ea9b035304429bd590844cbfbae0a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3c4ea9b035304429bd590844cbfbae0a2021-11-19T07:22:00ZDiagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult and Child Faces1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.775338https://doaj.org/article/3c4ea9b035304429bd590844cbfbae0a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.775338/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Knowing how humans differentiate children from adults has useful implications in many areas of both forensic and cognitive psychology. Yet, how we extract age from faces has been surprisingly underexplored in both disciplines. Here, we used a novel data-driven experimental technique to objectively measure the facial features human observers use to categorise child and adult faces. Relying on more than 35,000 trials, we used a reverse correlation technique that enabled us to reveal how specific features which are known to be important in face-perception – position, spatial-frequency (SF), and orientation – are associated with accurate child and adult discrimination. This showed that human observers relied on evidence in the nasal bone and eyebrow area for accurate adult categorisation, while they relied on the eye and jawline area to accurately categorise child faces. For orientation structure, only facial information of vertical orientation was linked to face-adult categorisation, while features of horizontal and, to a lesser extent oblique orientations, were more diagnostic of a child face. Finally, we found that SF diagnosticity showed a U-shaped pattern for face-age categorisation, with information in low and high SFs being diagnostic of child faces, and mid SFs being diagnostic of adult faces. Through this first characterisation of the facial features of face-age categorisation, we show that important information found in psychophysical studies of face-perception in general (i.e., the eye area, horizontals, and mid-level SFs) is crucial to the practical context of face-age categorisation, and present data-driven procedures through which face-age classification training could be implemented for real-world challenges.Simon Faghel-SoubeyrandSimon Faghel-SoubeyrandJuliane A. KloessFrédéric GosselinIan CharestIan CharestJessica WoodhamsFrontiers Media S.A.articleface agefacial featureforensic psychology and legal issuesface perception and cognitionpsychophysicsvisionPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	face age facial feature forensic psychology and legal issues face perception and cognition psychophysics vision Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	face age facial feature forensic psychology and legal issues face perception and cognition psychophysics vision Psychology BF1-990 Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand Juliane A. Kloess Frédéric Gosselin Ian Charest Ian Charest Jessica Woodhams Diagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult and Child Faces
description	Knowing how humans differentiate children from adults has useful implications in many areas of both forensic and cognitive psychology. Yet, how we extract age from faces has been surprisingly underexplored in both disciplines. Here, we used a novel data-driven experimental technique to objectively measure the facial features human observers use to categorise child and adult faces. Relying on more than 35,000 trials, we used a reverse correlation technique that enabled us to reveal how specific features which are known to be important in face-perception – position, spatial-frequency (SF), and orientation – are associated with accurate child and adult discrimination. This showed that human observers relied on evidence in the nasal bone and eyebrow area for accurate adult categorisation, while they relied on the eye and jawline area to accurately categorise child faces. For orientation structure, only facial information of vertical orientation was linked to face-adult categorisation, while features of horizontal and, to a lesser extent oblique orientations, were more diagnostic of a child face. Finally, we found that SF diagnosticity showed a U-shaped pattern for face-age categorisation, with information in low and high SFs being diagnostic of child faces, and mid SFs being diagnostic of adult faces. Through this first characterisation of the facial features of face-age categorisation, we show that important information found in psychophysical studies of face-perception in general (i.e., the eye area, horizontals, and mid-level SFs) is crucial to the practical context of face-age categorisation, and present data-driven procedures through which face-age classification training could be implemented for real-world challenges.
format	article
author	Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand Juliane A. Kloess Frédéric Gosselin Ian Charest Ian Charest Jessica Woodhams
author_facet	Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand Juliane A. Kloess Frédéric Gosselin Ian Charest Ian Charest Jessica Woodhams
author_sort	Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand
title	Diagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult and Child Faces
title_short	Diagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult and Child Faces
title_full	Diagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult and Child Faces
title_fullStr	Diagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult and Child Faces
title_full_unstemmed	Diagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult and Child Faces
title_sort	diagnostic features for human categorisation of adult and child faces
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3c4ea9b035304429bd590844cbfbae0a
work_keys_str_mv	AT simonfaghelsoubeyrand diagnosticfeaturesforhumancategorisationofadultandchildfaces AT simonfaghelsoubeyrand diagnosticfeaturesforhumancategorisationofadultandchildfaces AT julianeakloess diagnosticfeaturesforhumancategorisationofadultandchildfaces AT fredericgosselin diagnosticfeaturesforhumancategorisationofadultandchildfaces AT iancharest diagnosticfeaturesforhumancategorisationofadultandchildfaces AT iancharest diagnosticfeaturesforhumancategorisationofadultandchildfaces AT jessicawoodhams diagnosticfeaturesforhumancategorisationofadultandchildfaces
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Diagnostic Features for Human Categorisation of Adult and Child Faces

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