Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?

Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer death among women worldwide and, although there have been significant advances in BC therapies, a significant percentage of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Since BC was demonstrated to be an immunogenic tumor, immunot...

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Autores principales:	Beatriz Henriques, Fernando Mendes, Diana Martins
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	breast cancer immunotherapy therapeutic resistance Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3c4eda406d474bdaad2bdcd7ba989998
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3c4eda406d474bdaad2bdcd7ba9899982021-11-25T16:50:50ZImmunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?10.3390/biomedicines91116872227-9059https://doaj.org/article/3c4eda406d474bdaad2bdcd7ba9899982021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1687https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer death among women worldwide and, although there have been significant advances in BC therapies, a significant percentage of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Since BC was demonstrated to be an immunogenic tumor, immunotherapy has broken through as a significant therapy strategy against BC. Over the years, immunotherapy has improved the survival rate of HER2+ BC patients due to the approval of some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and, recently, Margetuximab, along with the antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) Trastuzumab-Emtansine (T-DM1) and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) showed promising efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, namely Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab. Despite the success of immunotherapy, some patients do not respond to immunotherapy or those who respond to the treatment relapse or progress. The main causes of these adverse events are the complex, intrinsic or extrinsic resistance mechanisms. In this review, we address the different immunotherapy approaches approved for BC and some of the mechanisms responsible for resistance to immunotherapy.Beatriz HenriquesFernando MendesDiana MartinsMDPI AGarticlebreast cancerimmunotherapytherapeutic resistanceBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1687, p 1687 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	breast cancer immunotherapy therapeutic resistance Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	breast cancer immunotherapy therapeutic resistance Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Beatriz Henriques Fernando Mendes Diana Martins Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?
description	Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer death among women worldwide and, although there have been significant advances in BC therapies, a significant percentage of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Since BC was demonstrated to be an immunogenic tumor, immunotherapy has broken through as a significant therapy strategy against BC. Over the years, immunotherapy has improved the survival rate of HER2+ BC patients due to the approval of some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and, recently, Margetuximab, along with the antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) Trastuzumab-Emtansine (T-DM1) and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) showed promising efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, namely Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab. Despite the success of immunotherapy, some patients do not respond to immunotherapy or those who respond to the treatment relapse or progress. The main causes of these adverse events are the complex, intrinsic or extrinsic resistance mechanisms. In this review, we address the different immunotherapy approaches approved for BC and some of the mechanisms responsible for resistance to immunotherapy.
format	article
author	Beatriz Henriques Fernando Mendes Diana Martins
author_facet	Beatriz Henriques Fernando Mendes Diana Martins
author_sort	Beatriz Henriques
title	Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?
title_short	Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?
title_full	Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?
title_fullStr	Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?
title_full_unstemmed	Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?
title_sort	immunotherapy in breast cancer: when, how, and what challenges?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3c4eda406d474bdaad2bdcd7ba989998
work_keys_str_mv	AT beatrizhenriques immunotherapyinbreastcancerwhenhowandwhatchallenges AT fernandomendes immunotherapyinbreastcancerwhenhowandwhatchallenges AT dianamartins immunotherapyinbreastcancerwhenhowandwhatchallenges
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Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: When, How, and What Challenges?

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