Microbial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are essential communities of organisms in the Icelandic soil ecosystem, as they prevent erosion and cryoturbation and provide nutrients to vascular plants. However, biocrust microbial composition in Iceland remains understudied. To address this gap in knowledge, we...

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Autores principales:	Ekaterina Pushkareva, Israel Barrantes, Peter Leinweber, Ulf Karsten
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Iceland biocrust diversity bacteria cyanobacteria fungi Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3c4f8ffa76294b42ab26836cd7761d1a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3c4f8ffa76294b42ab26836cd7761d1a2021-11-25T18:24:08ZMicrobial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient10.3390/microorganisms91121952076-2607https://doaj.org/article/3c4f8ffa76294b42ab26836cd7761d1a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2195https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are essential communities of organisms in the Icelandic soil ecosystem, as they prevent erosion and cryoturbation and provide nutrients to vascular plants. However, biocrust microbial composition in Iceland remains understudied. To address this gap in knowledge, we applied high-throughput sequencing to study microbial community composition in biocrusts collected along an elevation gradient (11–157 m a.s.l.) stretching away perpendicular to the marine coast. Four groups of organisms were targeted: bacteria and cyanobacteria (16S rRNA gene), fungi (transcribed spacer region), and other eukaryotes (18S rRNA gene). The amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Within the cyanobacteria, filamentous forms from the orders Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales prevailed. Furthermore, fungi in the biocrusts were dominated by Ascomycota, while the majority of reads obtained from sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene belonged to Archaeplastida. In addition, microbial photoautotrophs isolated from the biocrusts were assigned to the cyanobacterial genera <i>Phormidesmis</i>, <i>Microcoleus</i>, <i>Wilmottia</i>, and <i>Oscillatoria</i> and to two microalgal phyla Chlorophyta and Charophyta. In general, the taxonomic diversity of microorganisms in the biocrusts increased following the elevation gradient and community composition differed among the sites, suggesting that microclimatic and soil parameters might shape biocrust microbiota.Ekaterina PushkarevaIsrael BarrantesPeter LeinweberUlf KarstenMDPI AGarticleIcelandbiocrustdiversitybacteriacyanobacteriafungiBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2195, p 2195 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Iceland biocrust diversity bacteria cyanobacteria fungi Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Iceland biocrust diversity bacteria cyanobacteria fungi Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ekaterina Pushkareva Israel Barrantes Peter Leinweber Ulf Karsten Microbial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient
description	Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are essential communities of organisms in the Icelandic soil ecosystem, as they prevent erosion and cryoturbation and provide nutrients to vascular plants. However, biocrust microbial composition in Iceland remains understudied. To address this gap in knowledge, we applied high-throughput sequencing to study microbial community composition in biocrusts collected along an elevation gradient (11–157 m a.s.l.) stretching away perpendicular to the marine coast. Four groups of organisms were targeted: bacteria and cyanobacteria (16S rRNA gene), fungi (transcribed spacer region), and other eukaryotes (18S rRNA gene). The amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Within the cyanobacteria, filamentous forms from the orders Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales prevailed. Furthermore, fungi in the biocrusts were dominated by Ascomycota, while the majority of reads obtained from sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene belonged to Archaeplastida. In addition, microbial photoautotrophs isolated from the biocrusts were assigned to the cyanobacterial genera <i>Phormidesmis</i>, <i>Microcoleus</i>, <i>Wilmottia</i>, and <i>Oscillatoria</i> and to two microalgal phyla Chlorophyta and Charophyta. In general, the taxonomic diversity of microorganisms in the biocrusts increased following the elevation gradient and community composition differed among the sites, suggesting that microclimatic and soil parameters might shape biocrust microbiota.
format	article
author	Ekaterina Pushkareva Israel Barrantes Peter Leinweber Ulf Karsten
author_facet	Ekaterina Pushkareva Israel Barrantes Peter Leinweber Ulf Karsten
author_sort	Ekaterina Pushkareva
title	Microbial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient
title_short	Microbial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient
title_full	Microbial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient
title_fullStr	Microbial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient
title_full_unstemmed	Microbial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient
title_sort	microbial diversity in subarctic biocrusts from west iceland following an elevation gradient
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3c4f8ffa76294b42ab26836cd7761d1a
work_keys_str_mv	AT ekaterinapushkareva microbialdiversityinsubarcticbiocrustsfromwesticelandfollowinganelevationgradient AT israelbarrantes microbialdiversityinsubarcticbiocrustsfromwesticelandfollowinganelevationgradient AT peterleinweber microbialdiversityinsubarcticbiocrustsfromwesticelandfollowinganelevationgradient AT ulfkarsten microbialdiversityinsubarcticbiocrustsfromwesticelandfollowinganelevationgradient
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Microbial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient

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