The Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure

The global COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on the rates and dangers of alcohol misuse in adults and adolescents in the US and globally. Alcohol exposure during adolescence causes persistent molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes that increase the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) into adul...

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Autores principales:	Nathan Sharfman, Nicholas W. Gilpin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	melanocortin MC4R pain alcohol opioids Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3c655b279b6f4f8fbc923e9151b2d8f2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3c655b279b6f4f8fbc923e9151b2d8f22021-11-04T05:18:46ZThe Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.764720https://doaj.org/article/3c655b279b6f4f8fbc923e9151b2d8f22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.764720/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640The global COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on the rates and dangers of alcohol misuse in adults and adolescents in the US and globally. Alcohol exposure during adolescence causes persistent molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes that increase the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) into adulthood. It is established that alcohol abuse in adulthood increases the likelihood of pain hypersensitivity and the genesis of chronic pain, and humans report drinking alcohol to relieve pain symptoms. However, the longitudinal effects of alcohol exposure on pain and the underlying CNS signaling that mediates it are understudied. Specific brain regions mediate pain effects, alcohol effects, and pain-alcohol interactions, and neural signaling in those brain regions is modulated by neuropeptides. The CNS melanocortin system is sensitive to alcohol and modulates pain sensitivity, but this system is understudied in the context of pain-alcohol interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of melanocortin signaling in brain regions sensitive to alcohol and pain, in particular the amygdala. We also discuss interactions of melanocortins with other peptide systems, including the opioid system, as potential mediators of pain-alcohol interactions. Therapeutic strategies that target the melanocortin system may mitigate the negative consequences of alcohol misuse during adolescence and/or adulthood, including effects on pain-related outcomes.Nathan SharfmanNicholas W. GilpinNicholas W. GilpinNicholas W. GilpinNicholas W. GilpinFrontiers Media S.A.articlemelanocortinMC4RpainalcoholopioidsPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	melanocortin MC4R pain alcohol opioids Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	melanocortin MC4R pain alcohol opioids Psychiatry RC435-571 Nathan Sharfman Nicholas W. Gilpin Nicholas W. Gilpin Nicholas W. Gilpin Nicholas W. Gilpin The Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure
description	The global COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on the rates and dangers of alcohol misuse in adults and adolescents in the US and globally. Alcohol exposure during adolescence causes persistent molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes that increase the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) into adulthood. It is established that alcohol abuse in adulthood increases the likelihood of pain hypersensitivity and the genesis of chronic pain, and humans report drinking alcohol to relieve pain symptoms. However, the longitudinal effects of alcohol exposure on pain and the underlying CNS signaling that mediates it are understudied. Specific brain regions mediate pain effects, alcohol effects, and pain-alcohol interactions, and neural signaling in those brain regions is modulated by neuropeptides. The CNS melanocortin system is sensitive to alcohol and modulates pain sensitivity, but this system is understudied in the context of pain-alcohol interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of melanocortin signaling in brain regions sensitive to alcohol and pain, in particular the amygdala. We also discuss interactions of melanocortins with other peptide systems, including the opioid system, as potential mediators of pain-alcohol interactions. Therapeutic strategies that target the melanocortin system may mitigate the negative consequences of alcohol misuse during adolescence and/or adulthood, including effects on pain-related outcomes.
format	article
author	Nathan Sharfman Nicholas W. Gilpin Nicholas W. Gilpin Nicholas W. Gilpin Nicholas W. Gilpin
author_facet	Nathan Sharfman Nicholas W. Gilpin Nicholas W. Gilpin Nicholas W. Gilpin Nicholas W. Gilpin
author_sort	Nathan Sharfman
title	The Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure
title_short	The Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure
title_full	The Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure
title_fullStr	The Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure
title_full_unstemmed	The Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure
title_sort	role of melanocortin plasticity in pain-related outcomes after alcohol exposure
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3c655b279b6f4f8fbc923e9151b2d8f2
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The Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure

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