Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo

<h4>Background</h4> Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common gynecological condition in women of reproductive age and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), neonatal mortality rate is as high as 2.8 percent with preterm birth (PTB) a...

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Autores principales:	Guy Mulinganya, Annelies De Vulder, Ghislain Bisimwa, Jerina Boelens, Geert Claeys, Karen De Keyser, Daniel De Vos, Erick Hendwa, Freddy Kampara, Yvette Kujirakwinja, Jules Mongane, Innocent Mubalama, Mario Vaneechoutte, Steven Callens, Piet Cools
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3cc0153842b34efb877ebcfdfd0c8e7d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3cc0153842b34efb877ebcfdfd0c8e7d2021-11-04T06:09:18ZPrevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/3cc0153842b34efb877ebcfdfd0c8e7d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8544863/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4> Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common gynecological condition in women of reproductive age and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), neonatal mortality rate is as high as 2.8 percent with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) as leading causes. Because no studies have addressed BV in DRC, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of BV, the risk factors and the association between BV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population of pregnant women from Bukavu, DRC. <h4>Methods</h4> A total of 533 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy were recruited in the Provincial Reference Hospital of Bukavu, DRC, between January and October 2017, and followed until delivery. Clinical and sociodemographic data of mother and newborn, and data on (vaginal) hygiene practices, sexual behavior and reproductive history were collected. BV was diagnosed by Nugent scoring of Gram-stained vaginal smears. Two multivariate regression models were built to identify risk factors for BV and to investigate BV as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. <h4>Results</h4> The prevalence of BV was 26.3% and approximately half of the women with BV were asymptomatic. Independent risk factors for BV were the use of alternatives to water for intravaginal washing, concurrent partners, unemployed status, the presence of vaginal Candida and clay consumption. BV was independently associated with both LBW and PTB of an infant with LBW. <h4>Conclusion</h4> The prevalence of BV in Bukavu is high but in line with the global average. BV was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in our study population. Hence, research on modifiable risk factor-based interventions to reduce the prevalence of BV, and on screening/treatment of BV during antenatal care should be explored to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity.Guy MulinganyaAnnelies De VulderGhislain BisimwaJerina BoelensGeert ClaeysKaren De KeyserDaniel De VosErick HendwaFreddy KamparaYvette KujirakwinjaJules MonganeInnocent MubalamaMario VaneechoutteSteven CallensPiet CoolsPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Guy Mulinganya Annelies De Vulder Ghislain Bisimwa Jerina Boelens Geert Claeys Karen De Keyser Daniel De Vos Erick Hendwa Freddy Kampara Yvette Kujirakwinja Jules Mongane Innocent Mubalama Mario Vaneechoutte Steven Callens Piet Cools Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
description	<h4>Background</h4> Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common gynecological condition in women of reproductive age and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), neonatal mortality rate is as high as 2.8 percent with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) as leading causes. Because no studies have addressed BV in DRC, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of BV, the risk factors and the association between BV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population of pregnant women from Bukavu, DRC. <h4>Methods</h4> A total of 533 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy were recruited in the Provincial Reference Hospital of Bukavu, DRC, between January and October 2017, and followed until delivery. Clinical and sociodemographic data of mother and newborn, and data on (vaginal) hygiene practices, sexual behavior and reproductive history were collected. BV was diagnosed by Nugent scoring of Gram-stained vaginal smears. Two multivariate regression models were built to identify risk factors for BV and to investigate BV as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. <h4>Results</h4> The prevalence of BV was 26.3% and approximately half of the women with BV were asymptomatic. Independent risk factors for BV were the use of alternatives to water for intravaginal washing, concurrent partners, unemployed status, the presence of vaginal Candida and clay consumption. BV was independently associated with both LBW and PTB of an infant with LBW. <h4>Conclusion</h4> The prevalence of BV in Bukavu is high but in line with the global average. BV was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in our study population. Hence, research on modifiable risk factor-based interventions to reduce the prevalence of BV, and on screening/treatment of BV during antenatal care should be explored to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity.
format	article
author	Guy Mulinganya Annelies De Vulder Ghislain Bisimwa Jerina Boelens Geert Claeys Karen De Keyser Daniel De Vos Erick Hendwa Freddy Kampara Yvette Kujirakwinja Jules Mongane Innocent Mubalama Mario Vaneechoutte Steven Callens Piet Cools
author_facet	Guy Mulinganya Annelies De Vulder Ghislain Bisimwa Jerina Boelens Geert Claeys Karen De Keyser Daniel De Vos Erick Hendwa Freddy Kampara Yvette Kujirakwinja Jules Mongane Innocent Mubalama Mario Vaneechoutte Steven Callens Piet Cools
author_sort	Guy Mulinganya
title	Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
title_short	Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
title_full	Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
title_fullStr	Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
title_sort	prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in bukavu, democratic republic of the congo
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3cc0153842b34efb877ebcfdfd0c8e7d
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Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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