The Distribution, Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in the Reproductive Axis Tissues of the Male Tianzhu White Yak

Nuclear hormone receptors NR1D1 and NR4A2 play important roles in the synthesis and metabolism of hormones that are thought to be strictly regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis (HPG) tissues via gene expression. However, in the yak, the function and regulatory mechanisms of NR1D1 and NR...

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Autores principales:	Lijun Dai, Quanwei Zhang, Jun Shi, Xu Bai, Xiaoxiao An, Bohao Zhang, Yong Zhang, Xingxu Zhao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	NR1D1 NR4A2 yak reproduction axis sterol hormone Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3ccfab8823c441389859d16c408c0b26
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3ccfab8823c441389859d16c408c0b262021-11-25T16:15:57ZThe Distribution, Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in the Reproductive Axis Tissues of the Male Tianzhu White Yak10.3390/ani111131172076-2615https://doaj.org/article/3ccfab8823c441389859d16c408c0b262021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3117https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Nuclear hormone receptors NR1D1 and NR4A2 play important roles in the synthesis and metabolism of hormones that are thought to be strictly regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis (HPG) tissues via gene expression. However, in the yak, the function and regulatory mechanisms of NR1D1 and NR4A2 are not clearly understood. The current study is aimed to investigate the expression patterns, distribution and functions of these two receptors in HPG tissues in male Tianzhu white yaks. Immunohistochemical staining showed NR1D1 and NR4A2 proteins were present in all yak HPG tissues with differential expression patterns and degrees of staining, particularly in Leydig cells that were strongly positive in accordance with the immunofluorescence results. qRT-PCR and Western blot results suggested that the highest expression levels of <i>NR1D1</i> and <i>NR4A2</i> mRNA were present in the hypothalamus, while the expression levels of NR1D1 and NR4A2 proteins were higher in the testis and epididymis than in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. In addition, expression levels of <i>NR1D1</i> and <i>NR4A2</i> mRNA and protein in testicular tissues differed by age. Expression levels were significantly higher at 6 years of age. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis enrichment revealed that NR1D1 may directly regulate the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones via interaction with different targets, while NR4A2 may indirectly regulate the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones. These results showed that NR1D1 and NR4A2, as important mediators, are involved in the regulation of male yak reproduction, and especially of steroid hormones and androgen metabolism. These results will be helpful for the further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in yak reproduction.Lijun DaiQuanwei ZhangJun ShiXu BaiXiaoxiao AnBohao ZhangYong ZhangXingxu ZhaoMDPI AGarticleNR1D1NR4A2yakreproduction axissterol hormoneVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3117, p 3117 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	NR1D1 NR4A2 yak reproduction axis sterol hormone Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	NR1D1 NR4A2 yak reproduction axis sterol hormone Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Lijun Dai Quanwei Zhang Jun Shi Xu Bai Xiaoxiao An Bohao Zhang Yong Zhang Xingxu Zhao The Distribution, Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in the Reproductive Axis Tissues of the Male Tianzhu White Yak
description	Nuclear hormone receptors NR1D1 and NR4A2 play important roles in the synthesis and metabolism of hormones that are thought to be strictly regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis (HPG) tissues via gene expression. However, in the yak, the function and regulatory mechanisms of NR1D1 and NR4A2 are not clearly understood. The current study is aimed to investigate the expression patterns, distribution and functions of these two receptors in HPG tissues in male Tianzhu white yaks. Immunohistochemical staining showed NR1D1 and NR4A2 proteins were present in all yak HPG tissues with differential expression patterns and degrees of staining, particularly in Leydig cells that were strongly positive in accordance with the immunofluorescence results. qRT-PCR and Western blot results suggested that the highest expression levels of <i>NR1D1</i> and <i>NR4A2</i> mRNA were present in the hypothalamus, while the expression levels of NR1D1 and NR4A2 proteins were higher in the testis and epididymis than in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. In addition, expression levels of <i>NR1D1</i> and <i>NR4A2</i> mRNA and protein in testicular tissues differed by age. Expression levels were significantly higher at 6 years of age. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis enrichment revealed that NR1D1 may directly regulate the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones via interaction with different targets, while NR4A2 may indirectly regulate the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones. These results showed that NR1D1 and NR4A2, as important mediators, are involved in the regulation of male yak reproduction, and especially of steroid hormones and androgen metabolism. These results will be helpful for the further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in yak reproduction.
format	article
author	Lijun Dai Quanwei Zhang Jun Shi Xu Bai Xiaoxiao An Bohao Zhang Yong Zhang Xingxu Zhao
author_facet	Lijun Dai Quanwei Zhang Jun Shi Xu Bai Xiaoxiao An Bohao Zhang Yong Zhang Xingxu Zhao
author_sort	Lijun Dai
title	The Distribution, Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in the Reproductive Axis Tissues of the Male Tianzhu White Yak
title_short	The Distribution, Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in the Reproductive Axis Tissues of the Male Tianzhu White Yak
title_full	The Distribution, Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in the Reproductive Axis Tissues of the Male Tianzhu White Yak
title_fullStr	The Distribution, Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in the Reproductive Axis Tissues of the Male Tianzhu White Yak
title_full_unstemmed	The Distribution, Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in the Reproductive Axis Tissues of the Male Tianzhu White Yak
title_sort	distribution, expression patterns and functional analysis of nr1d1 and nr4a2 in the reproductive axis tissues of the male tianzhu white yak
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3ccfab8823c441389859d16c408c0b26
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The Distribution, Expression Patterns and Functional Analysis of NR1D1 and NR4A2 in the Reproductive Axis Tissues of the Male Tianzhu White Yak

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