Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.

<h4>Background & aims</h4>Diseases of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract are often accompanied by diarrhea with profound alterations in the GI microbiota termed dysbiosis. Whether dysbiosis is due to the disease itself or to the accompanying diarrhea remains elusive. With this stu...

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Autores principales:	Gregor Gorkiewicz, Gerhard G Thallinger, Slave Trajanoski, Stefan Lackner, Gernot Stocker, Thomas Hinterleitner, Christian Gülly, Christoph Högenauer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3cee2a673e424fd686c5210049ea47b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3cee2a673e424fd686c5210049ea47b82021-11-18T07:58:10ZAlterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0055817https://doaj.org/article/3cee2a673e424fd686c5210049ea47b82013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23409050/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background & aims</h4>Diseases of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract are often accompanied by diarrhea with profound alterations in the GI microbiota termed dysbiosis. Whether dysbiosis is due to the disease itself or to the accompanying diarrhea remains elusive. With this study we characterized the net effects of osmotic diarrhea on the composition of the GI microbiota in the absence of disease.<h4>Methods</h4>We induced osmotic diarrhea in four healthy adults by oral administration of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG). Stool as well as mucosa specimens were collected before, during and after diarrhea and 16S rDNA-based microbial community profiling was used to assess the microbial community structure.<h4>Results</h4>Stool and mucosal microbiotas were strikingly different, with Firmicutes dominating the mucosa and Bacteroidetes the stools. Osmotic diarrhea decreased phylotype richness and showed a strong tendency to equalize the otherwise individualized microbiotas on the mucosa. Moreover, diarrhea led to significant relative shifts in the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and to a relative increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria on the mucosa, a phenomenon also noted in several inflammatory and diarrheal GI diseases.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Changes in microbial community structure induced by osmotic diarrhea are profound and show similarities to changes observed in other GI diseases including IBD. These effects so must be considered when specimens from diarrheal diseases (i.e. obtained by stratification of samples according to diarrheal status) or conditions wherein bowel preparations like PEG (i.e. specimens obtained during endoscopy) are used.Gregor GorkiewiczGerhard G ThallingerSlave TrajanoskiStefan LacknerGernot StockerThomas HinterleitnerChristian GüllyChristoph HögenauerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 2, p e55817 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gregor Gorkiewicz Gerhard G Thallinger Slave Trajanoski Stefan Lackner Gernot Stocker Thomas Hinterleitner Christian Gülly Christoph Högenauer Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.
description	<h4>Background & aims</h4>Diseases of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract are often accompanied by diarrhea with profound alterations in the GI microbiota termed dysbiosis. Whether dysbiosis is due to the disease itself or to the accompanying diarrhea remains elusive. With this study we characterized the net effects of osmotic diarrhea on the composition of the GI microbiota in the absence of disease.<h4>Methods</h4>We induced osmotic diarrhea in four healthy adults by oral administration of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG). Stool as well as mucosa specimens were collected before, during and after diarrhea and 16S rDNA-based microbial community profiling was used to assess the microbial community structure.<h4>Results</h4>Stool and mucosal microbiotas were strikingly different, with Firmicutes dominating the mucosa and Bacteroidetes the stools. Osmotic diarrhea decreased phylotype richness and showed a strong tendency to equalize the otherwise individualized microbiotas on the mucosa. Moreover, diarrhea led to significant relative shifts in the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and to a relative increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria on the mucosa, a phenomenon also noted in several inflammatory and diarrheal GI diseases.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Changes in microbial community structure induced by osmotic diarrhea are profound and show similarities to changes observed in other GI diseases including IBD. These effects so must be considered when specimens from diarrheal diseases (i.e. obtained by stratification of samples according to diarrheal status) or conditions wherein bowel preparations like PEG (i.e. specimens obtained during endoscopy) are used.
format	article
author	Gregor Gorkiewicz Gerhard G Thallinger Slave Trajanoski Stefan Lackner Gernot Stocker Thomas Hinterleitner Christian Gülly Christoph Högenauer
author_facet	Gregor Gorkiewicz Gerhard G Thallinger Slave Trajanoski Stefan Lackner Gernot Stocker Thomas Hinterleitner Christian Gülly Christoph Högenauer
author_sort	Gregor Gorkiewicz
title	Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.
title_short	Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.
title_full	Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.
title_fullStr	Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.
title_full_unstemmed	Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.
title_sort	alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/3cee2a673e424fd686c5210049ea47b8
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Alterations in the colonic microbiota in response to osmotic diarrhea.

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