Extraction and Characterization of Biogenic Silica Obtained from Selected Agro-Waste in Africa

Increased amounts of available biomass residues from agricultural food production are present widely around the globe. These biomass residues can find essential applications as bioenergy feedstock and precursors to produce value-added materials. This study assessed the production of biogenic silica...

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Autores principales:	Clement Owusu Prempeh, Steffi Formann, Thomas Schliermann, Hossein Beidaghy Dizaji, Michael Nelles
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biogenic silica African biomass fuels thermochemical conversion ash characterization combustion Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d0567a30f9441fe9108a43a1da1ff77
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d0567a30f9441fe9108a43a1da1ff772021-11-11T15:23:51ZExtraction and Characterization of Biogenic Silica Obtained from Selected Agro-Waste in Africa10.3390/app1121103632076-3417https://doaj.org/article/3d0567a30f9441fe9108a43a1da1ff772021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10363https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Increased amounts of available biomass residues from agricultural food production are present widely around the globe. These biomass residues can find essential applications as bioenergy feedstock and precursors to produce value-added materials. This study assessed the production of biogenic silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) from different biomass residues in Africa, including cornhusk, corncob, yam peelings, cassava peelings and coconut husks. Two processes were performed to synthesize the biogenic silica. First, the biomass fuels were chemically pre-treated with 1 and 5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> citric acid solutions. In the second stage, combustion at 600 °C for 2 h in a muffle oven was applied. The characterization of the untreated biomasses was conducted using Inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The resulting ashes from the combustion step were subjected to ICP, nitrogen physisorption, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD). ICP results revealed that the SiO<sub>2</sub> content in the ashes varies between 42.2 to 81.5 wt.% db and 53.4 to 90.8 wt.% db after acidic pre-treatment with 1 and 5 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>% acid, respectively. The relative reductions of K<sub>2</sub>O by the citric acid in yam peel was the lowest (79 wt.% db) in comparison to 92, 97, 98 and 97 wt.% db calculated for corncob, cassava peel, coconut husk and cornhusk, respectively. XRD analysis revealed dominant crystalline phases of arcanite (K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), sylvite (KCl) and calcite (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) in ashes of the biomass fuels pre-treated with 1 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>% citric acid due to potassium and calcium ions present. In comparison, the 5 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>% citric acid pre-treatment produced amorphous, biogenic silica with specific surface areas of up to 91 m<sup>2</sup>/g and pore volumes up to 0.21 cm<sup>3</sup>/g. The examined biomass residues are common wastes from food production in Africa without competition in usage with focus application. Our studies have highlighted a significant end-value to these wastes by the extraction of high quality, amorphous silica, which can be considered in applications such as catalyst support, construction material, concrete and backing material.Clement Owusu PrempehSteffi FormannThomas SchliermannHossein Beidaghy DizajiMichael NellesMDPI AGarticlebiogenic silicaAfrican biomass fuelsthermochemical conversionash characterizationcombustionTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10363, p 10363 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biogenic silica African biomass fuels thermochemical conversion ash characterization combustion Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	biogenic silica African biomass fuels thermochemical conversion ash characterization combustion Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Clement Owusu Prempeh Steffi Formann Thomas Schliermann Hossein Beidaghy Dizaji Michael Nelles Extraction and Characterization of Biogenic Silica Obtained from Selected Agro-Waste in Africa
description	Increased amounts of available biomass residues from agricultural food production are present widely around the globe. These biomass residues can find essential applications as bioenergy feedstock and precursors to produce value-added materials. This study assessed the production of biogenic silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) from different biomass residues in Africa, including cornhusk, corncob, yam peelings, cassava peelings and coconut husks. Two processes were performed to synthesize the biogenic silica. First, the biomass fuels were chemically pre-treated with 1 and 5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> citric acid solutions. In the second stage, combustion at 600 °C for 2 h in a muffle oven was applied. The characterization of the untreated biomasses was conducted using Inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The resulting ashes from the combustion step were subjected to ICP, nitrogen physisorption, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD). ICP results revealed that the SiO<sub>2</sub> content in the ashes varies between 42.2 to 81.5 wt.% db and 53.4 to 90.8 wt.% db after acidic pre-treatment with 1 and 5 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>% acid, respectively. The relative reductions of K<sub>2</sub>O by the citric acid in yam peel was the lowest (79 wt.% db) in comparison to 92, 97, 98 and 97 wt.% db calculated for corncob, cassava peel, coconut husk and cornhusk, respectively. XRD analysis revealed dominant crystalline phases of arcanite (K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), sylvite (KCl) and calcite (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) in ashes of the biomass fuels pre-treated with 1 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>% citric acid due to potassium and calcium ions present. In comparison, the 5 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>% citric acid pre-treatment produced amorphous, biogenic silica with specific surface areas of up to 91 m<sup>2</sup>/g and pore volumes up to 0.21 cm<sup>3</sup>/g. The examined biomass residues are common wastes from food production in Africa without competition in usage with focus application. Our studies have highlighted a significant end-value to these wastes by the extraction of high quality, amorphous silica, which can be considered in applications such as catalyst support, construction material, concrete and backing material.
format	article
author	Clement Owusu Prempeh Steffi Formann Thomas Schliermann Hossein Beidaghy Dizaji Michael Nelles
author_facet	Clement Owusu Prempeh Steffi Formann Thomas Schliermann Hossein Beidaghy Dizaji Michael Nelles
author_sort	Clement Owusu Prempeh
title	Extraction and Characterization of Biogenic Silica Obtained from Selected Agro-Waste in Africa
title_short	Extraction and Characterization of Biogenic Silica Obtained from Selected Agro-Waste in Africa
title_full	Extraction and Characterization of Biogenic Silica Obtained from Selected Agro-Waste in Africa
title_fullStr	Extraction and Characterization of Biogenic Silica Obtained from Selected Agro-Waste in Africa
title_full_unstemmed	Extraction and Characterization of Biogenic Silica Obtained from Selected Agro-Waste in Africa
title_sort	extraction and characterization of biogenic silica obtained from selected agro-waste in africa
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d0567a30f9441fe9108a43a1da1ff77
work_keys_str_mv	AT clementowusuprempeh extractionandcharacterizationofbiogenicsilicaobtainedfromselectedagrowasteinafrica AT steffiformann extractionandcharacterizationofbiogenicsilicaobtainedfromselectedagrowasteinafrica AT thomasschliermann extractionandcharacterizationofbiogenicsilicaobtainedfromselectedagrowasteinafrica AT hosseinbeidaghydizaji extractionandcharacterizationofbiogenicsilicaobtainedfromselectedagrowasteinafrica AT michaelnelles extractionandcharacterizationofbiogenicsilicaobtainedfromselectedagrowasteinafrica
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Extraction and Characterization of Biogenic Silica Obtained from Selected Agro-Waste in Africa

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