Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization

Abstract Delta-E effect sensors are based on magnetoelectric resonators that detune in a magnetic field due to the delta-E effect of the magnetostrictive material. In recent years, such sensors have shown the potential to detect small amplitude and low-frequency magnetic fields. Yet, they all requir...

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Autores principales:	B. Spetzler, C. Bald, P. Durdaut, J. Reermann, C. Kirchhof, A. Teplyuk, D. Meyners, E. Quandt, M. Höft, G. Schmidt, F. Faupel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d204015a2e64787822749e3677258ea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d204015a2e64787822749e3677258ea2021-12-02T13:30:11ZExchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization10.1038/s41598-021-84415-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3d204015a2e64787822749e3677258ea2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84415-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Delta-E effect sensors are based on magnetoelectric resonators that detune in a magnetic field due to the delta-E effect of the magnetostrictive material. In recent years, such sensors have shown the potential to detect small amplitude and low-frequency magnetic fields. Yet, they all require external magnetic bias fields for optimal operation, which is highly detrimental to their application. Here, we solve this problem by combining the delta-E effect with exchange biased multilayers and operate the resonator in a low-loss torsion mode. It is comprehensively analyzed experimentally and theoretically using various kinds of models. Due to the exchange bias, no external magnetic bias fields are required, but still low detection limits down to $${{\text{350 pT}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{350 pT}} {\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} }}$$ 350 pT / Hz at 25 Hz are achieved. The potential of this concept is demonstrated with a new operating scheme that permits simultaneous measurement and localization, which is especially desirable for typical biomedical inverse solution problems. The sensor is localized with a minimum spatial resolution of 1 cm while measuring a low-frequency magnetic test signal that can be well reconstructed. Overall, we demonstrate that this class of magnetic field sensors is a significant step towards first biomedical applications and compact large number sensor arrays.B. SpetzlerC. BaldP. DurdautJ. ReermannC. KirchhofA. TeplyukD. MeynersE. QuandtM. HöftG. SchmidtF. FaupelNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q B. Spetzler C. Bald P. Durdaut J. Reermann C. Kirchhof A. Teplyuk D. Meyners E. Quandt M. Höft G. Schmidt F. Faupel Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization
description	Abstract Delta-E effect sensors are based on magnetoelectric resonators that detune in a magnetic field due to the delta-E effect of the magnetostrictive material. In recent years, such sensors have shown the potential to detect small amplitude and low-frequency magnetic fields. Yet, they all require external magnetic bias fields for optimal operation, which is highly detrimental to their application. Here, we solve this problem by combining the delta-E effect with exchange biased multilayers and operate the resonator in a low-loss torsion mode. It is comprehensively analyzed experimentally and theoretically using various kinds of models. Due to the exchange bias, no external magnetic bias fields are required, but still low detection limits down to $${{\text{350 pT}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{350 pT}} {\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} }}$$ 350 pT / Hz at 25 Hz are achieved. The potential of this concept is demonstrated with a new operating scheme that permits simultaneous measurement and localization, which is especially desirable for typical biomedical inverse solution problems. The sensor is localized with a minimum spatial resolution of 1 cm while measuring a low-frequency magnetic test signal that can be well reconstructed. Overall, we demonstrate that this class of magnetic field sensors is a significant step towards first biomedical applications and compact large number sensor arrays.
format	article
author	B. Spetzler C. Bald P. Durdaut J. Reermann C. Kirchhof A. Teplyuk D. Meyners E. Quandt M. Höft G. Schmidt F. Faupel
author_facet	B. Spetzler C. Bald P. Durdaut J. Reermann C. Kirchhof A. Teplyuk D. Meyners E. Quandt M. Höft G. Schmidt F. Faupel
author_sort	B. Spetzler
title	Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization
title_short	Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization
title_full	Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization
title_fullStr	Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization
title_full_unstemmed	Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization
title_sort	exchange biased delta-e effect enables the detection of low frequency pt magnetic fields with simultaneous localization
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d204015a2e64787822749e3677258ea
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Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization

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