The level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population

Robert G Hooper The Sleep Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Study objectives: Periodic limb movements (PLMs) are routinely measured during polysomnogram (PSG) testing. During the early years of sleep testing, physical movements were identified and over time, consensus ultimately led to the current definit...

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Autor principal:	Hooper RG
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Periodic Limb Movements Periodic Limb Movement Disorder PLM PLMD Polysomnogram Sleep Movements Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d233aef5bd047658f02067ff9ef0207
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d233aef5bd047658f02067ff9ef02072021-12-02T02:42:43ZThe level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/3d233aef5bd047658f02067ff9ef02072018-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-level-of-observed-physical-movement-accompanying-periodic-limb-mov-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Robert G Hooper The Sleep Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Study objectives: Periodic limb movements (PLMs) are routinely measured during polysomnogram (PSG) testing. During the early years of sleep testing, physical movements were identified and over time, consensus ultimately led to the current definitions of movement disorders including criteria used to measure PLMs on PSG testing. There has been considerable debate about the clinical importance of the PLMs measured during PSG testing. Over the last decade, the author has observed significant variations in the actual visible physical movements observed with a PLM event. This report is the result of work to quantify the amount of movement and the frequency of movements observed among individuals who have PLMs. Methods/principal findings: Consecutive PSGs performed in a suburban sleep center for an initial diagnosis of a sleep disorder were retrospectively reviewed to identify those with measured PLMs. Of 646 studies on patients >18 years, 460 met criteria for inclusion. Visual assessment of movements was carried out on all of those with PLM events measured using American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines. The movements were quantified based on the number of extremities observed to move. PLMs were observed in 237 of the 460 studies that met inclusion criteria (52%). As expected, the PLMs occurred more frequently in older individuals. PLMs occurred with equal frequency in both sexes. Apnea occurred with equal frequency in those with and without observed physical movements. Of those with PLMs, 62% (147) demonstrated observable physical movements. Significant movements involving three or four extremities occurred in 16% of individuals with PLMs. No physical movements were observed in 38%. Conclusion: In this uncontrolled, nonrandom, observational series, visual physical movements with a PLM event identify a unique subset of individuals with PLMs. The presence of any visual movements or more pronounced visual movements involving multiple extremities may represent markers for PLM disorder, for clinically significant PLMs with other disorders, or for other clinical conditions or physiologic variables. Keywords: periodic limb movements, periodic limb movement disorder, polysomnogram, sleep movements, periodic limb movement index, leg movements, PLMHooper RGDove Medical PressarticlePeriodic Limb MovementsPeriodic Limb Movement DisorderPLMPLMDPolysomnogramSleep MovementsPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 10, Pp 127-134 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Periodic Limb Movements Periodic Limb Movement Disorder PLM PLMD Polysomnogram Sleep Movements Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Periodic Limb Movements Periodic Limb Movement Disorder PLM PLMD Polysomnogram Sleep Movements Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Hooper RG The level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population
description	Robert G Hooper The Sleep Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Study objectives: Periodic limb movements (PLMs) are routinely measured during polysomnogram (PSG) testing. During the early years of sleep testing, physical movements were identified and over time, consensus ultimately led to the current definitions of movement disorders including criteria used to measure PLMs on PSG testing. There has been considerable debate about the clinical importance of the PLMs measured during PSG testing. Over the last decade, the author has observed significant variations in the actual visible physical movements observed with a PLM event. This report is the result of work to quantify the amount of movement and the frequency of movements observed among individuals who have PLMs. Methods/principal findings: Consecutive PSGs performed in a suburban sleep center for an initial diagnosis of a sleep disorder were retrospectively reviewed to identify those with measured PLMs. Of 646 studies on patients >18 years, 460 met criteria for inclusion. Visual assessment of movements was carried out on all of those with PLM events measured using American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines. The movements were quantified based on the number of extremities observed to move. PLMs were observed in 237 of the 460 studies that met inclusion criteria (52%). As expected, the PLMs occurred more frequently in older individuals. PLMs occurred with equal frequency in both sexes. Apnea occurred with equal frequency in those with and without observed physical movements. Of those with PLMs, 62% (147) demonstrated observable physical movements. Significant movements involving three or four extremities occurred in 16% of individuals with PLMs. No physical movements were observed in 38%. Conclusion: In this uncontrolled, nonrandom, observational series, visual physical movements with a PLM event identify a unique subset of individuals with PLMs. The presence of any visual movements or more pronounced visual movements involving multiple extremities may represent markers for PLM disorder, for clinically significant PLMs with other disorders, or for other clinical conditions or physiologic variables. Keywords: periodic limb movements, periodic limb movement disorder, polysomnogram, sleep movements, periodic limb movement index, leg movements, PLM
format	article
author	Hooper RG
author_facet	Hooper RG
author_sort	Hooper RG
title	The level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population
title_short	The level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population
title_full	The level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population
title_fullStr	The level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population
title_full_unstemmed	The level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population
title_sort	level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d233aef5bd047658f02067ff9ef0207
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The level of observed physical movement accompanying periodic limb movements measured in a clinical sleep population

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