The Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis, Bacillus subtilis and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of Lactuca sativa

Inoculation with beneficial microbes represents a promising solution for sustainable agricultural production; however, knowledge on the effects of inoculants on the indigenous microbial communities remains limited. Here, we evaluated the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophag...

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Autores principales:	Charitini Nikolaidou, Nikolaos Monokrousos, Pantelitsa D. Kapagianni, Michael Orfanoudakis, Triantafyllia Dermitzoglou, Efimia M. Papatheodorou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	AMF enzyme activity microbial communities PGPR plant growth PLFAs Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d309bc42b504b6494a8eea5bab74d97
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d309bc42b504b6494a8eea5bab74d972021-11-25T16:05:40ZThe Effect of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>10.3390/agronomy111121832073-4395https://doaj.org/article/3d309bc42b504b6494a8eea5bab74d972021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2183https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Inoculation with beneficial microbes represents a promising solution for sustainable agricultural production; however, knowledge on the effects of inoculants on the indigenous microbial communities remains limited. Here, we evaluated the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> and the promoting rhizobacterium <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> on the growth of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>. The biomass, the composition, and the enzyme activity (urease, acid phosphatase, and β-glycosidase) of the rhizosphere microbial community at two soil moisture levels (5 and 10% soil water content) were evaluated. Fungal colonization was lower in co-inoculated plants than those only inoculated with <i>R. irregularis</i>. Plant growth was enhanced in co-inoculated and <i>B. subtilis</i> inoculated soils. Bacterial biomass and the composition of the microbial communities responded to the joint effect of inoculant type × water regime while the biomass of the other microbial groups (fungi, actinomycetes, microeukaryotes) was only affected by inoculant type. Co-inoculation enhanced the activity of acid phosphatase, indicating a synergistic effect of the two inoculants. Co-inoculation positively impacted the index reflecting plant–microbial soil functions under both water regimes. We concluded that the interactions between the two inocula as well as between them and the resident rhizosphere microbial community were mainly negative. However, the negative interactions between <i>R. irregularis</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> were not reflected in plant biomass. The knowledge of the plant and rhizosphere microbial responses to single and co-inoculation and their dependency on abiotic conditions is valuable for the construction of synthetic microbial communities that could be used as efficient inocula.Charitini NikolaidouNikolaos MonokrousosPantelitsa D. KapagianniMichael OrfanoudakisTriantafyllia DermitzoglouEfimia M. PapatheodorouMDPI AGarticleAMFenzyme activitymicrobial communitiesPGPRplant growthPLFAsAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2183, p 2183 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	AMF enzyme activity microbial communities PGPR plant growth PLFAs Agriculture S
spellingShingle	AMF enzyme activity microbial communities PGPR plant growth PLFAs Agriculture S Charitini Nikolaidou Nikolaos Monokrousos Pantelitsa D. Kapagianni Michael Orfanoudakis Triantafyllia Dermitzoglou Efimia M. Papatheodorou The Effect of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>
description	Inoculation with beneficial microbes represents a promising solution for sustainable agricultural production; however, knowledge on the effects of inoculants on the indigenous microbial communities remains limited. Here, we evaluated the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> and the promoting rhizobacterium <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> on the growth of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>. The biomass, the composition, and the enzyme activity (urease, acid phosphatase, and β-glycosidase) of the rhizosphere microbial community at two soil moisture levels (5 and 10% soil water content) were evaluated. Fungal colonization was lower in co-inoculated plants than those only inoculated with <i>R. irregularis</i>. Plant growth was enhanced in co-inoculated and <i>B. subtilis</i> inoculated soils. Bacterial biomass and the composition of the microbial communities responded to the joint effect of inoculant type × water regime while the biomass of the other microbial groups (fungi, actinomycetes, microeukaryotes) was only affected by inoculant type. Co-inoculation enhanced the activity of acid phosphatase, indicating a synergistic effect of the two inoculants. Co-inoculation positively impacted the index reflecting plant–microbial soil functions under both water regimes. We concluded that the interactions between the two inocula as well as between them and the resident rhizosphere microbial community were mainly negative. However, the negative interactions between <i>R. irregularis</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> were not reflected in plant biomass. The knowledge of the plant and rhizosphere microbial responses to single and co-inoculation and their dependency on abiotic conditions is valuable for the construction of synthetic microbial communities that could be used as efficient inocula.
format	article
author	Charitini Nikolaidou Nikolaos Monokrousos Pantelitsa D. Kapagianni Michael Orfanoudakis Triantafyllia Dermitzoglou Efimia M. Papatheodorou
author_facet	Charitini Nikolaidou Nikolaos Monokrousos Pantelitsa D. Kapagianni Michael Orfanoudakis Triantafyllia Dermitzoglou Efimia M. Papatheodorou
author_sort	Charitini Nikolaidou
title	The Effect of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>
title_short	The Effect of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>
title_full	The Effect of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>
title_fullStr	The Effect of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>
title_sort	effect of <i>rhizophagus irregularis</i>, <i>bacillus subtilis</i> and water regime on the plant–microbial soil system: the case of <i>lactuca sativa</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d309bc42b504b6494a8eea5bab74d97
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The Effect of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Water Regime on the Plant–Microbial Soil System: The Case of <i>Lactuca sativa</i>

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