The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence

The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a critical modulator of brain function, with the so-called gut-brain axis having multiple links with a variety of neurodegenerative and mental health conditions, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Various approaches for modulating the gut microbiome toward...

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Autores principales:	Jea Woo Kang, Angela M. Zivkovic
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	gut microbiome Alzheimer’s disease gut-brain axis prebiotics Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d380ba69dd14a9ea92d059ff2375654
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d380ba69dd14a9ea92d059ff23756542021-11-25T18:25:01ZThe Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence10.3390/microorganisms91123102076-2607https://doaj.org/article/3d380ba69dd14a9ea92d059ff23756542021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2310https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a critical modulator of brain function, with the so-called gut-brain axis having multiple links with a variety of neurodegenerative and mental health conditions, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Various approaches for modulating the gut microbiome toward compositional and functional states that are consistent with improved cognitive health outcomes have been documented, including probiotics and prebiotics. While probiotics are live microorganisms that directly confer beneficial health effects, prebiotics are oligosaccharide and polysaccharide structures that can beneficially modulate the gut microbiome by enhancing the growth, survival, and/or function of gut microbes that in turn have beneficial effects on the human host. In this review, we discuss evidence showing the potential link between gut microbiome composition and AD onset or development, provide an overview of prebiotic types and their roles in altering gut microbial composition, discuss the effectiveness of prebiotics in regulating gut microbiome composition and microbially derived metabolites, and discuss the current evidence linking prebiotics with health outcomes related to AD in both animal models and human trials. Though there is a paucity of human clinical trials demonstrating the effectiveness of prebiotics in altering gut microbiome-mediated health outcomes in AD, current evidence highlights the potential of various prebiotic approaches for beneficially altering the gut microbiota or gut physiology by promoting the production of butyrate, indoles, and secondary bile acid profiles that further regulate gut immunity and mucosal homeostasis, which are associated with beneficial effects on the central immune system and brain functionality.Jea Woo KangAngela M. ZivkovicMDPI AGarticlegut microbiomeAlzheimer’s diseasegut-brain axisprebioticsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2310, p 2310 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	gut microbiome Alzheimer’s disease gut-brain axis prebiotics Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	gut microbiome Alzheimer’s disease gut-brain axis prebiotics Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Jea Woo Kang Angela M. Zivkovic The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence
description	The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a critical modulator of brain function, with the so-called gut-brain axis having multiple links with a variety of neurodegenerative and mental health conditions, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Various approaches for modulating the gut microbiome toward compositional and functional states that are consistent with improved cognitive health outcomes have been documented, including probiotics and prebiotics. While probiotics are live microorganisms that directly confer beneficial health effects, prebiotics are oligosaccharide and polysaccharide structures that can beneficially modulate the gut microbiome by enhancing the growth, survival, and/or function of gut microbes that in turn have beneficial effects on the human host. In this review, we discuss evidence showing the potential link between gut microbiome composition and AD onset or development, provide an overview of prebiotic types and their roles in altering gut microbial composition, discuss the effectiveness of prebiotics in regulating gut microbiome composition and microbially derived metabolites, and discuss the current evidence linking prebiotics with health outcomes related to AD in both animal models and human trials. Though there is a paucity of human clinical trials demonstrating the effectiveness of prebiotics in altering gut microbiome-mediated health outcomes in AD, current evidence highlights the potential of various prebiotic approaches for beneficially altering the gut microbiota or gut physiology by promoting the production of butyrate, indoles, and secondary bile acid profiles that further regulate gut immunity and mucosal homeostasis, which are associated with beneficial effects on the central immune system and brain functionality.
format	article
author	Jea Woo Kang Angela M. Zivkovic
author_facet	Jea Woo Kang Angela M. Zivkovic
author_sort	Jea Woo Kang
title	The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence
title_short	The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence
title_full	The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence
title_fullStr	The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence
title_full_unstemmed	The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence
title_sort	potential utility of prebiotics to modulate alzheimer’s disease: a review of the evidence
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d380ba69dd14a9ea92d059ff2375654
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The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence

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