Identification of hotspots in the European union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.

Live animal trade is considered a major mode of introduction of viruses from enzootic foci into disease-free areas. Due to societal and behavioural changes, some wild animal species may nowadays be considered as pet species. The species diversity of animals involved in international trade is thus in...

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Autores principales:	Benoit Durand, Sylvie Lecollinet, Cécile Beck, Beatriz Martínez-López, Thomas Balenghien, Véronique Chevalier
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d392fe286b244679b52fd937df40341
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d392fe286b244679b52fd937df403412021-11-18T09:03:31ZIdentification of hotspots in the European union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0070000https://doaj.org/article/3d392fe286b244679b52fd937df403412013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23894573/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Live animal trade is considered a major mode of introduction of viruses from enzootic foci into disease-free areas. Due to societal and behavioural changes, some wild animal species may nowadays be considered as pet species. The species diversity of animals involved in international trade is thus increasing. This could benefit pathogens that have a broad host range such as arboviruses. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk posed by live animal imports for the introduction, in the European Union (EU), of four arboviruses that affect human and horses: Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis. Importation data for a five-years period (2005-2009, extracted from the EU TRACES database), environmental data (used as a proxy for the presence of vectors) and horses and human population density data (impacting the occurrence of clinical cases) were combined to derive spatially explicit risk indicators for virus introduction and for the potential consequences of such introductions. Results showed the existence of hotspots where the introduction risk was the highest in Belgium, in the Netherlands and in the north of Italy. This risk was higher for Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) than for the three other diseases. It was mainly attributed to exotic pet species such as rodents, reptiles or cage birds, imported in small-sized containments from a wide variety of geographic origins. The increasing species and origin diversity of these animals may have in the future a strong impact on the risk of introduction of arboviruses in the EU.Benoit DurandSylvie LecollinetCécile BeckBeatriz Martínez-LópezThomas BalenghienVéronique ChevalierPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e70000 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Benoit Durand Sylvie Lecollinet Cécile Beck Beatriz Martínez-López Thomas Balenghien Véronique Chevalier Identification of hotspots in the European union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.
description	Live animal trade is considered a major mode of introduction of viruses from enzootic foci into disease-free areas. Due to societal and behavioural changes, some wild animal species may nowadays be considered as pet species. The species diversity of animals involved in international trade is thus increasing. This could benefit pathogens that have a broad host range such as arboviruses. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk posed by live animal imports for the introduction, in the European Union (EU), of four arboviruses that affect human and horses: Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis. Importation data for a five-years period (2005-2009, extracted from the EU TRACES database), environmental data (used as a proxy for the presence of vectors) and horses and human population density data (impacting the occurrence of clinical cases) were combined to derive spatially explicit risk indicators for virus introduction and for the potential consequences of such introductions. Results showed the existence of hotspots where the introduction risk was the highest in Belgium, in the Netherlands and in the north of Italy. This risk was higher for Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) than for the three other diseases. It was mainly attributed to exotic pet species such as rodents, reptiles or cage birds, imported in small-sized containments from a wide variety of geographic origins. The increasing species and origin diversity of these animals may have in the future a strong impact on the risk of introduction of arboviruses in the EU.
format	article
author	Benoit Durand Sylvie Lecollinet Cécile Beck Beatriz Martínez-López Thomas Balenghien Véronique Chevalier
author_facet	Benoit Durand Sylvie Lecollinet Cécile Beck Beatriz Martínez-López Thomas Balenghien Véronique Chevalier
author_sort	Benoit Durand
title	Identification of hotspots in the European union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.
title_short	Identification of hotspots in the European union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.
title_full	Identification of hotspots in the European union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.
title_fullStr	Identification of hotspots in the European union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.
title_full_unstemmed	Identification of hotspots in the European union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.
title_sort	identification of hotspots in the european union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d392fe286b244679b52fd937df40341
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Identification of hotspots in the European union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade.

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