Review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?

<h4>Background</h4>Cholera, an ancient scourge, continues to inflict high rates of mortality today. The rising incidence of epidemics in areas of poor sanitation and crowding highlight the need for better epidemic prevention and early response. Such interventions require the availability...

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Autores principales:	Michal H Dick, Martine Guillerm, Francis Moussy, Claire-Lise Chaignat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d3c8a61250843d1bc1df6b84bab1eb9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d3c8a61250843d1bc1df6b84bab1eb92021-11-18T09:15:45ZReview of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0001845https://doaj.org/article/3d3c8a61250843d1bc1df6b84bab1eb92012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23071851/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Cholera, an ancient scourge, continues to inflict high rates of mortality today. The rising incidence of epidemics in areas of poor sanitation and crowding highlight the need for better epidemic prevention and early response. Such interventions require the availability of rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques to trigger timely response and mitigate the scale of the outbreak. The current gold standard of bacterial culture is inadequate for rapid diagnosis, highlighting the overarching neglect of field diagnostic needs. This paper was written to support the World Health Organisation's Global Task Force on Cholera Control mandated Cholera and diarrhoeal disease laboratory Network (CholdiNet) in devising a protocol for the validation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for Vibrio cholerae. The status of diagnostic tools for Vibrio cholerae is assessed, describing products that have been commercialised over the last two decades and discussing their peer-reviewed evaluation.<h4>Method</h4>Review of post-1990 peer-reviewed and grey literature on rapid diagnostic tests for Vibrio cholerae.<h4>Results</h4>Since 1990, twenty four diagnostic tests have been developed for the detection of Vibrio cholerae in human faecal samples. Fourteen of these have also been described in the literature, with rapid chromatographic-immuno assays (CIA) featuring strongly. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays maintain the ability to detect the lowest amount of bacteria; however CIAs achieve both low detection thresholds and high sensitivity and specificity, making them possible candidates for use in field conditions. Field and laboratory studies were performed in a wide range of settings demonstrating variability in performance, however only a few of these studies were sufficiently stringent, highlighting five RDTs that showed promise in field conditions; COAT, IP cholera dipstick, SMART, IP dipstick and Medicos. In light of non-independent reporting, the authors would like to see these five products undergoing additional studies, with further technical improvements if needed and commercial production. The authors hope that public health use of such a RDT in limited-resource field conditions on stool samples may contribute to effective reduction in cholera epidemic spread.Michal H DickMartine GuillermFrancis MoussyClaire-Lise ChaignatPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 6, Iss 10, p e1845 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Michal H Dick Martine Guillerm Francis Moussy Claire-Lise Chaignat Review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?
description	<h4>Background</h4>Cholera, an ancient scourge, continues to inflict high rates of mortality today. The rising incidence of epidemics in areas of poor sanitation and crowding highlight the need for better epidemic prevention and early response. Such interventions require the availability of rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques to trigger timely response and mitigate the scale of the outbreak. The current gold standard of bacterial culture is inadequate for rapid diagnosis, highlighting the overarching neglect of field diagnostic needs. This paper was written to support the World Health Organisation's Global Task Force on Cholera Control mandated Cholera and diarrhoeal disease laboratory Network (CholdiNet) in devising a protocol for the validation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for Vibrio cholerae. The status of diagnostic tools for Vibrio cholerae is assessed, describing products that have been commercialised over the last two decades and discussing their peer-reviewed evaluation.<h4>Method</h4>Review of post-1990 peer-reviewed and grey literature on rapid diagnostic tests for Vibrio cholerae.<h4>Results</h4>Since 1990, twenty four diagnostic tests have been developed for the detection of Vibrio cholerae in human faecal samples. Fourteen of these have also been described in the literature, with rapid chromatographic-immuno assays (CIA) featuring strongly. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays maintain the ability to detect the lowest amount of bacteria; however CIAs achieve both low detection thresholds and high sensitivity and specificity, making them possible candidates for use in field conditions. Field and laboratory studies were performed in a wide range of settings demonstrating variability in performance, however only a few of these studies were sufficiently stringent, highlighting five RDTs that showed promise in field conditions; COAT, IP cholera dipstick, SMART, IP dipstick and Medicos. In light of non-independent reporting, the authors would like to see these five products undergoing additional studies, with further technical improvements if needed and commercial production. The authors hope that public health use of such a RDT in limited-resource field conditions on stool samples may contribute to effective reduction in cholera epidemic spread.
format	article
author	Michal H Dick Martine Guillerm Francis Moussy Claire-Lise Chaignat
author_facet	Michal H Dick Martine Guillerm Francis Moussy Claire-Lise Chaignat
author_sort	Michal H Dick
title	Review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?
title_short	Review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?
title_full	Review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?
title_fullStr	Review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?
title_full_unstemmed	Review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?
title_sort	review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d3c8a61250843d1bc1df6b84bab1eb9
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Review of two decades of cholera diagnostics--how far have we really come?

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