Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer.

Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a rare but chronic debilitating skin and soft tissue disease found predominantly in West Africa and Southeast Australia. While a moderate body of research has examined the distribution of M. ulcerans, the specific route(s) of transmissio...

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Autores principales:	Anthony J Muleta, Rachael Lappan, Timothy P Stinear, Chris Greening
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d3ea8ececc74073be3d3a6cbdf5786a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d3ea8ececc74073be3d3a6cbdf5786a2021-12-02T20:24:15ZUnderstanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009678https://doaj.org/article/3d3ea8ececc74073be3d3a6cbdf5786a2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009678https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a rare but chronic debilitating skin and soft tissue disease found predominantly in West Africa and Southeast Australia. While a moderate body of research has examined the distribution of M. ulcerans, the specific route(s) of transmission of this bacterium remain unknown, hindering control efforts. M. ulcerans is considered an environmental pathogen given it is associated with lentic ecosystems and human-to-human spread is negligible. However, the pathogen is also carried by various mammals and invertebrates, which may serve as key reservoirs and mechanical vectors, respectively. Here, we examine and review recent evidence from these endemic regions on potential transmission pathways, noting differences in findings between Africa and Australia, and summarising the risk and protective factors associated with Buruli ulcer transmission. We also discuss evidence suggesting that environmental disturbance and human population changes precede outbreaks. We note five key research priorities, including adoption of One Health frameworks, to resolve transmission pathways and inform control strategies to reduce the spread of Buruli ulcer.Anthony J MuletaRachael LappanTimothy P StinearChris GreeningPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009678 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Anthony J Muleta Rachael Lappan Timothy P Stinear Chris Greening Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer.
description	Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a rare but chronic debilitating skin and soft tissue disease found predominantly in West Africa and Southeast Australia. While a moderate body of research has examined the distribution of M. ulcerans, the specific route(s) of transmission of this bacterium remain unknown, hindering control efforts. M. ulcerans is considered an environmental pathogen given it is associated with lentic ecosystems and human-to-human spread is negligible. However, the pathogen is also carried by various mammals and invertebrates, which may serve as key reservoirs and mechanical vectors, respectively. Here, we examine and review recent evidence from these endemic regions on potential transmission pathways, noting differences in findings between Africa and Australia, and summarising the risk and protective factors associated with Buruli ulcer transmission. We also discuss evidence suggesting that environmental disturbance and human population changes precede outbreaks. We note five key research priorities, including adoption of One Health frameworks, to resolve transmission pathways and inform control strategies to reduce the spread of Buruli ulcer.
format	article
author	Anthony J Muleta Rachael Lappan Timothy P Stinear Chris Greening
author_facet	Anthony J Muleta Rachael Lappan Timothy P Stinear Chris Greening
author_sort	Anthony J Muleta
title	Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer.
title_short	Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer.
title_full	Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer.
title_fullStr	Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer.
title_full_unstemmed	Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer.
title_sort	understanding the transmission of mycobacterium ulcerans: a step towards controlling buruli ulcer.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d3ea8ececc74073be3d3a6cbdf5786a
work_keys_str_mv	AT anthonyjmuleta understandingthetransmissionofmycobacteriumulceransasteptowardscontrollingburuliulcer AT rachaellappan understandingthetransmissionofmycobacteriumulceransasteptowardscontrollingburuliulcer AT timothypstinear understandingthetransmissionofmycobacteriumulceransasteptowardscontrollingburuliulcer AT chrisgreening understandingthetransmissionofmycobacteriumulceransasteptowardscontrollingburuliulcer
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Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer.

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