A comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes are some of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among the aging populations and cause a heavy burden on the worldwide healthcare system. In this review, we briefly highlighted cellular inflammation...

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Autores principales:	Agnila Chakraborty, Saad Ahmed Sami, Kay Kay Shain Marma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SpringerOpen 2021
Materias:	Alzheimer’s disease RAGE AGEs Oxidative stress Inflammation Diabetes Internal medicine RC31-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d70025d3fd749869674de49f9d44e59
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d70025d3fd749869674de49f9d44e592021-11-14T12:05:43ZA comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases10.1186/s43162-021-00081-w1110-77822090-9098https://doaj.org/article/3d70025d3fd749869674de49f9d44e592021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-021-00081-whttps://doaj.org/toc/1110-7782https://doaj.org/toc/2090-9098Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes are some of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among the aging populations and cause a heavy burden on the worldwide healthcare system. In this review, we briefly highlighted cellular inflammation-based pathways of diabetes mellitus and CVD through receptor for advanced glycation end products AGEs or RAGE leading to Alzheimer’s disease and interrelation between these vascular and metabolic disorders. The articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed databases using the following terms: Alzheimer’s; AGEs; RAGE; RAGE in Alzheimer’s; AGEs in Alzheimer’s; RAGE in diabetes; RAGE related pathways of CVD; RAGE in hypertension; RAGE and RAS system; RAGE and oxidative stress. Main body of the abstract AD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Vascular complications like hypertension, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis as well as metabolic syndromes like obesity and diabetes are related to the pathophysiology of AD. RAGE plays significant role in the onset and progression of AD. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are two main markers of AD that regulates via RAGE and other RAGE/ligands interactions which also induces oxidative stress and a cascade of other cellular inflammation pathways leading to AD. Though AD and diabetes are two different disorders but may be inter-linked by AGEs and RAGE. In long-term hyperglycemia, upregulated AGEs interacts with RAGE and produces reactive oxygen species which induces further inflammation and vascular complications. Aging, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, and inflammation are some of the main risk factors for both diabetes and dementia. Chronic hypertension and coronary artery disease disrupt the functions of the blood-brain barrier and are responsible for the accumulation of senile plaques and NFTs. Short conclusion RAGE plays a role in the etiology of Aβ and tau hyperphosphorylation, both of which contribute to cognitive impairment. So far, targeting RAGE may provide a potential sight to develop therapies against some metabolic disorders.Agnila ChakrabortySaad Ahmed SamiKay Kay Shain MarmaSpringerOpenarticleAlzheimer’s diseaseRAGEAGEsOxidative stressInflammationDiabetesInternal medicineRC31-1245ENThe Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, Vol 33, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Alzheimer’s disease RAGE AGEs Oxidative stress Inflammation Diabetes Internal medicine RC31-1245
spellingShingle	Alzheimer’s disease RAGE AGEs Oxidative stress Inflammation Diabetes Internal medicine RC31-1245 Agnila Chakraborty Saad Ahmed Sami Kay Kay Shain Marma A comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases
description	Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes are some of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among the aging populations and cause a heavy burden on the worldwide healthcare system. In this review, we briefly highlighted cellular inflammation-based pathways of diabetes mellitus and CVD through receptor for advanced glycation end products AGEs or RAGE leading to Alzheimer’s disease and interrelation between these vascular and metabolic disorders. The articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed databases using the following terms: Alzheimer’s; AGEs; RAGE; RAGE in Alzheimer’s; AGEs in Alzheimer’s; RAGE in diabetes; RAGE related pathways of CVD; RAGE in hypertension; RAGE and RAS system; RAGE and oxidative stress. Main body of the abstract AD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Vascular complications like hypertension, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis as well as metabolic syndromes like obesity and diabetes are related to the pathophysiology of AD. RAGE plays significant role in the onset and progression of AD. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are two main markers of AD that regulates via RAGE and other RAGE/ligands interactions which also induces oxidative stress and a cascade of other cellular inflammation pathways leading to AD. Though AD and diabetes are two different disorders but may be inter-linked by AGEs and RAGE. In long-term hyperglycemia, upregulated AGEs interacts with RAGE and produces reactive oxygen species which induces further inflammation and vascular complications. Aging, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, and inflammation are some of the main risk factors for both diabetes and dementia. Chronic hypertension and coronary artery disease disrupt the functions of the blood-brain barrier and are responsible for the accumulation of senile plaques and NFTs. Short conclusion RAGE plays a role in the etiology of Aβ and tau hyperphosphorylation, both of which contribute to cognitive impairment. So far, targeting RAGE may provide a potential sight to develop therapies against some metabolic disorders.
format	article
author	Agnila Chakraborty Saad Ahmed Sami Kay Kay Shain Marma
author_facet	Agnila Chakraborty Saad Ahmed Sami Kay Kay Shain Marma
author_sort	Agnila Chakraborty
title	A comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases
title_short	A comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases
title_full	A comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases
title_fullStr	A comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases
title_full_unstemmed	A comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases
title_sort	comprehensive review on rage-facilitated pathological pathways connecting alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases
publisher	SpringerOpen
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d70025d3fd749869674de49f9d44e59
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A comprehensive review on RAGE-facilitated pathological pathways connecting Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases

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