Monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.

Protected areas are fundamental to biodiversity conservation, but there is growing recognition of the need to extend beyond protected areas to meet the ecological requirements of species at larger scales. Landscape-scale conservation requires an evaluation of management impact on biodiversity under...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Emma J Stokes, Samantha Strindberg, Parfait C Bakabana, Paul W Elkan, Fortuné C Iyenguet, Bola Madzoké, Guy Aimé F Malanda, Brice S Mowawa, Calixte Moukoumbou, Franck K Ouakabadio, Hugo J Rainey
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3d8bf86b6e2a418fbcd3fac9f601d56e
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:3d8bf86b6e2a418fbcd3fac9f601d56e
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3d8bf86b6e2a418fbcd3fac9f601d56e2021-12-02T20:22:11ZMonitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0010294https://doaj.org/article/3d8bf86b6e2a418fbcd3fac9f601d56e2010-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20428233/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Protected areas are fundamental to biodiversity conservation, but there is growing recognition of the need to extend beyond protected areas to meet the ecological requirements of species at larger scales. Landscape-scale conservation requires an evaluation of management impact on biodiversity under different land-use strategies; this is challenging and there exist few empirical studies. In a conservation landscape in northern Republic of Congo we demonstrate the application of a large-scale monitoring program designed to evaluate the impact of conservation interventions on three globally threatened species: western gorillas, chimpanzees and forest elephants, under three land-use types: integral protection, commercial logging, and community-based natural resource management. We applied distance-sampling methods to examine species abundance across different land-use types under varying degrees of management and human disturbance. We found no clear trends in abundance between land-use types. However, units with interventions designed to reduce poaching and protect habitats--irrespective of land-use type--harboured all three species at consistently higher abundance than a neighbouring logging concession undergoing no wildlife management. We applied Generalized-Additive Models to evaluate a priori predictions of species response to different landscape processes. Our results indicate that, given adequate protection from poaching, elephants and gorillas can profit from herbaceous vegetation in recently logged forests and maintain access to ecologically important resources located outside of protected areas. However, proximity to the single integrally protected area in the landscape maintained an overriding positive influence on elephant abundance, and logging roads--even subject to anti-poaching controls--were exploited by elephant poachers and had a major negative influence on elephant distribution. Chimpanzees show a clear preference for unlogged or more mature forests and human disturbance had a negative influence on chimpanzee abundance, in spite of anti-poaching interventions. We caution against the pitfalls of missing and confounded co-variables in model-based estimation approaches and highlight the importance of spatial scale in the response of different species to landscape processes. We stress the importance of a stratified design-based approach to monitoring species status in response to conservation interventions and advocate a holistic framework for landscape-scale monitoring that includes smaller-scale targeted research and punctual assessment of threats.Emma J StokesSamantha StrindbergParfait C BakabanaPaul W ElkanFortuné C IyenguetBola MadzokéGuy Aimé F MalandaBrice S MowawaCalixte MoukoumbouFranck K OuakabadioHugo J RaineyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 4, p e10294 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Emma J Stokes Samantha Strindberg Parfait C Bakabana Paul W Elkan Fortuné C Iyenguet Bola Madzoké Guy Aimé F Malanda Brice S Mowawa Calixte Moukoumbou Franck K Ouakabadio Hugo J Rainey Monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.
description	Protected areas are fundamental to biodiversity conservation, but there is growing recognition of the need to extend beyond protected areas to meet the ecological requirements of species at larger scales. Landscape-scale conservation requires an evaluation of management impact on biodiversity under different land-use strategies; this is challenging and there exist few empirical studies. In a conservation landscape in northern Republic of Congo we demonstrate the application of a large-scale monitoring program designed to evaluate the impact of conservation interventions on three globally threatened species: western gorillas, chimpanzees and forest elephants, under three land-use types: integral protection, commercial logging, and community-based natural resource management. We applied distance-sampling methods to examine species abundance across different land-use types under varying degrees of management and human disturbance. We found no clear trends in abundance between land-use types. However, units with interventions designed to reduce poaching and protect habitats--irrespective of land-use type--harboured all three species at consistently higher abundance than a neighbouring logging concession undergoing no wildlife management. We applied Generalized-Additive Models to evaluate a priori predictions of species response to different landscape processes. Our results indicate that, given adequate protection from poaching, elephants and gorillas can profit from herbaceous vegetation in recently logged forests and maintain access to ecologically important resources located outside of protected areas. However, proximity to the single integrally protected area in the landscape maintained an overriding positive influence on elephant abundance, and logging roads--even subject to anti-poaching controls--were exploited by elephant poachers and had a major negative influence on elephant distribution. Chimpanzees show a clear preference for unlogged or more mature forests and human disturbance had a negative influence on chimpanzee abundance, in spite of anti-poaching interventions. We caution against the pitfalls of missing and confounded co-variables in model-based estimation approaches and highlight the importance of spatial scale in the response of different species to landscape processes. We stress the importance of a stratified design-based approach to monitoring species status in response to conservation interventions and advocate a holistic framework for landscape-scale monitoring that includes smaller-scale targeted research and punctual assessment of threats.
format	article
author	Emma J Stokes Samantha Strindberg Parfait C Bakabana Paul W Elkan Fortuné C Iyenguet Bola Madzoké Guy Aimé F Malanda Brice S Mowawa Calixte Moukoumbou Franck K Ouakabadio Hugo J Rainey
author_facet	Emma J Stokes Samantha Strindberg Parfait C Bakabana Paul W Elkan Fortuné C Iyenguet Bola Madzoké Guy Aimé F Malanda Brice S Mowawa Calixte Moukoumbou Franck K Ouakabadio Hugo J Rainey
author_sort	Emma J Stokes
title	Monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.
title_short	Monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.
title_full	Monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.
title_fullStr	Monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.
title_full_unstemmed	Monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.
title_sort	monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/3d8bf86b6e2a418fbcd3fac9f601d56e
work_keys_str_mv	AT emmajstokes monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT samanthastrindberg monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT parfaitcbakabana monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT paulwelkan monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT fortuneciyenguet monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT bolamadzoke monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT guyaimefmalanda monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT bricesmowawa monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT calixtemoukoumbou monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT franckkouakabadio monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape AT hugojrainey monitoringgreatapeandelephantabundanceatlargespatialscalesmeasuringeffectivenessofaconservationlandscape
_version_	1718374100715438080

Monitoring great ape and elephant abundance at large spatial scales: measuring effectiveness of a conservation landscape.

Ejemplares similares