Allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds

Abstract Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a cosmopolitan baleen whale species with geographically isolated lineages. Despite last sharing an ancestor ~ 2–3 million years ago, Atlantic and Pacific foraging populations share five call types. Whether these call types are also shared between...

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Autores principales:	Mikala V. Epp, Michelle E. H. Fournet, Gregory K. Silber, Gail K. Davoren
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3dba6c81af7149d3ace03c0c279a065f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3dba6c81af7149d3ace03c0c279a065f2021-12-02T15:07:47ZAllopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds10.1038/s41598-021-95601-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3dba6c81af7149d3ace03c0c279a065f2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95601-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a cosmopolitan baleen whale species with geographically isolated lineages. Despite last sharing an ancestor ~ 2–3 million years ago, Atlantic and Pacific foraging populations share five call types. Whether these call types are also shared between allopatric breeding and foraging populations is unclear, but would provide further evidence that some call types are ubiquitous and fixed. We investigated whether these five call types were present on a contemporary foraging ground (Newfoundland, 2015–2016) and a historic breeding ground (Hawaii, 1981–1982). Calls were classified using aural/visual (AV) characteristics; 16 relevant acoustic variables were measured and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine within-call and between-population variation. To assess whether between-population variation influenced classification, all 16 variables were included in classification and regression tree (CART) and random forest analyses (RF). All five call types were identified in both populations. Between-population variation in combined acoustic variables (PC1, PC2, PC3) was lower within call types than among call types, and high agreement between AV and quantitative classification (CART: 83% agreement; RF: 77% agreement) suggested that acoustic characteristics were more similar within than among call types. Findings indicate that these five call types are shared across allopatric populations, generations, and behavioural contexts.Mikala V. EppMichelle E. H. FournetGregory K. SilberGail K. DavorenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mikala V. Epp Michelle E. H. Fournet Gregory K. Silber Gail K. Davoren Allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds
description	Abstract Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a cosmopolitan baleen whale species with geographically isolated lineages. Despite last sharing an ancestor ~ 2–3 million years ago, Atlantic and Pacific foraging populations share five call types. Whether these call types are also shared between allopatric breeding and foraging populations is unclear, but would provide further evidence that some call types are ubiquitous and fixed. We investigated whether these five call types were present on a contemporary foraging ground (Newfoundland, 2015–2016) and a historic breeding ground (Hawaii, 1981–1982). Calls were classified using aural/visual (AV) characteristics; 16 relevant acoustic variables were measured and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine within-call and between-population variation. To assess whether between-population variation influenced classification, all 16 variables were included in classification and regression tree (CART) and random forest analyses (RF). All five call types were identified in both populations. Between-population variation in combined acoustic variables (PC1, PC2, PC3) was lower within call types than among call types, and high agreement between AV and quantitative classification (CART: 83% agreement; RF: 77% agreement) suggested that acoustic characteristics were more similar within than among call types. Findings indicate that these five call types are shared across allopatric populations, generations, and behavioural contexts.
format	article
author	Mikala V. Epp Michelle E. H. Fournet Gregory K. Silber Gail K. Davoren
author_facet	Mikala V. Epp Michelle E. H. Fournet Gregory K. Silber Gail K. Davoren
author_sort	Mikala V. Epp
title	Allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds
title_short	Allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds
title_full	Allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds
title_fullStr	Allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds
title_full_unstemmed	Allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds
title_sort	allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3dba6c81af7149d3ace03c0c279a065f
work_keys_str_mv	AT mikalavepp allopatrichumpbackwhalesofdifferinggenerationssharecalltypesbetweenforagingandwinteringgrounds AT michelleehfournet allopatrichumpbackwhalesofdifferinggenerationssharecalltypesbetweenforagingandwinteringgrounds AT gregoryksilber allopatrichumpbackwhalesofdifferinggenerationssharecalltypesbetweenforagingandwinteringgrounds AT gailkdavoren allopatrichumpbackwhalesofdifferinggenerationssharecalltypesbetweenforagingandwinteringgrounds
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Allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds

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