The Effect of Collagen-I Coatings of 3D Printed PCL Scaffolds for Bone Replacement on Three Different Cell Types

<i>Introduction</i> The use of scaffolds in tissue engineering is becoming increasingly important as solutions need to be found to preserve human tissues such as bone or cartilage. Various factors, including cells, biomaterials, cell and tissue culture conditions, play a crucial role in...

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Autores principales:	Lucas Weingärtner, Sergio H. Latorre, Dirk Velten, Anke Bernstein, Hagen Schmal, Michael Seidenstuecker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bone tissue engineering 3D printing PCL Collagen I coating biocompatibility Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3dc84b20e3f443ccac13137ee6c65f7b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3dc84b20e3f443ccac13137ee6c65f7b2021-11-25T16:43:33ZThe Effect of Collagen-I Coatings of 3D Printed PCL Scaffolds for Bone Replacement on Three Different Cell Types10.3390/app1122110632076-3417https://doaj.org/article/3dc84b20e3f443ccac13137ee6c65f7b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/11063https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417<i>Introduction</i> The use of scaffolds in tissue engineering is becoming increasingly important as solutions need to be found to preserve human tissues such as bone or cartilage. Various factors, including cells, biomaterials, cell and tissue culture conditions, play a crucial role in tissue engineering. The in vivo environment of the cells exerts complex stimuli on the cells, thereby directly influencing cell behavior, including proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, to create suitable replacement or regeneration procedures for human tissues, the conditions of the cells’ natural environment should be well mimicked. Therefore, current research is trying to develop 3-dimensional scaffolds (scaffolds) that can elicit appropriate cellular responses and thus help the body regenerate or replace tissues. In this work, scaffolds were printed from the biomaterial polycaprolactone (PCL) on a 3D bioplotter. Biocompatibility testing was used to determine whether the printed scaffolds were suitable for use in tissue engineering. <i>Material and Methods</i> An Envisiontec 3D bioplotter was used to fabricate the scaffolds. For better cell-scaffold interaction, the printed polycaprolactone scaffolds were coated with type-I collagen. Three different cell types were then cultured on the scaffolds and various tests were used to investigate the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. <i>Results</i> Reproducible scaffolds could be printed from polycaprolactone. In addition, a coating process with collagen was developed, which significantly improved the cell-scaffold interaction. Biocompatibility tests showed that the PCL-collagen scaffolds are suitable for use with cells. The cells adhered to the surface of the scaffolds and as a result extensive cell growth was observed on the scaffolds. The inner part of the scaffolds, however, remained largely uninhabited. In the cytotoxicity studies, it was found that toxicity below 20% was present in some experimental runs. The determination of the compressive strength by means of the universal testing machine Z005 by ZWICK according to DIN EN ISO 604 of the scaffolds resulted in a value of 68.49 ± 0.47 MPa.Lucas WeingärtnerSergio H. LatorreDirk VeltenAnke BernsteinHagen SchmalMichael SeidenstueckerMDPI AGarticlebone tissue engineering3D printingPCLCollagen IcoatingbiocompatibilityTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 11063, p 11063 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bone tissue engineering 3D printing PCL Collagen I coating biocompatibility Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	bone tissue engineering 3D printing PCL Collagen I coating biocompatibility Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Lucas Weingärtner Sergio H. Latorre Dirk Velten Anke Bernstein Hagen Schmal Michael Seidenstuecker The Effect of Collagen-I Coatings of 3D Printed PCL Scaffolds for Bone Replacement on Three Different Cell Types
description	<i>Introduction</i> The use of scaffolds in tissue engineering is becoming increasingly important as solutions need to be found to preserve human tissues such as bone or cartilage. Various factors, including cells, biomaterials, cell and tissue culture conditions, play a crucial role in tissue engineering. The in vivo environment of the cells exerts complex stimuli on the cells, thereby directly influencing cell behavior, including proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, to create suitable replacement or regeneration procedures for human tissues, the conditions of the cells’ natural environment should be well mimicked. Therefore, current research is trying to develop 3-dimensional scaffolds (scaffolds) that can elicit appropriate cellular responses and thus help the body regenerate or replace tissues. In this work, scaffolds were printed from the biomaterial polycaprolactone (PCL) on a 3D bioplotter. Biocompatibility testing was used to determine whether the printed scaffolds were suitable for use in tissue engineering. <i>Material and Methods</i> An Envisiontec 3D bioplotter was used to fabricate the scaffolds. For better cell-scaffold interaction, the printed polycaprolactone scaffolds were coated with type-I collagen. Three different cell types were then cultured on the scaffolds and various tests were used to investigate the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. <i>Results</i> Reproducible scaffolds could be printed from polycaprolactone. In addition, a coating process with collagen was developed, which significantly improved the cell-scaffold interaction. Biocompatibility tests showed that the PCL-collagen scaffolds are suitable for use with cells. The cells adhered to the surface of the scaffolds and as a result extensive cell growth was observed on the scaffolds. The inner part of the scaffolds, however, remained largely uninhabited. In the cytotoxicity studies, it was found that toxicity below 20% was present in some experimental runs. The determination of the compressive strength by means of the universal testing machine Z005 by ZWICK according to DIN EN ISO 604 of the scaffolds resulted in a value of 68.49 ± 0.47 MPa.
format	article
author	Lucas Weingärtner Sergio H. Latorre Dirk Velten Anke Bernstein Hagen Schmal Michael Seidenstuecker
author_facet	Lucas Weingärtner Sergio H. Latorre Dirk Velten Anke Bernstein Hagen Schmal Michael Seidenstuecker
author_sort	Lucas Weingärtner
title	The Effect of Collagen-I Coatings of 3D Printed PCL Scaffolds for Bone Replacement on Three Different Cell Types
title_short	The Effect of Collagen-I Coatings of 3D Printed PCL Scaffolds for Bone Replacement on Three Different Cell Types
title_full	The Effect of Collagen-I Coatings of 3D Printed PCL Scaffolds for Bone Replacement on Three Different Cell Types
title_fullStr	The Effect of Collagen-I Coatings of 3D Printed PCL Scaffolds for Bone Replacement on Three Different Cell Types
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Collagen-I Coatings of 3D Printed PCL Scaffolds for Bone Replacement on Three Different Cell Types
title_sort	effect of collagen-i coatings of 3d printed pcl scaffolds for bone replacement on three different cell types
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3dc84b20e3f443ccac13137ee6c65f7b
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The Effect of Collagen-I Coatings of 3D Printed PCL Scaffolds for Bone Replacement on Three Different Cell Types

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