Acute and Long-Term Effects of Attentional Focus Strategies on Muscular Strength: A Meta-Analysis

This review aimed to perform a meta-analysis examining the following: (a) acute effects of adopting an internal focus vs. external focus of attention on muscular strength; and (b) long-term effects of adopting an internal focus vs. external focus of attention during resistance training on gains in m...

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Autores principales:	Jozo Grgic, Ivan Mikulic, Pavle Mikulic
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	muscle strength resistance training data analysis attention Sports GV557-1198.995
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3dcd146c2b8243a2b60868e3171b4e02
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3dcd146c2b8243a2b60868e3171b4e022021-11-25T19:00:06ZAcute and Long-Term Effects of Attentional Focus Strategies on Muscular Strength: A Meta-Analysis10.3390/sports91101532075-4663https://doaj.org/article/3dcd146c2b8243a2b60868e3171b4e022021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/9/11/153https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4663This review aimed to perform a meta-analysis examining the following: (a) acute effects of adopting an internal focus vs. external focus of attention on muscular strength; and (b) long-term effects of adopting an internal focus vs. external focus of attention during resistance training on gains in muscular strength. We searched through five databases to find eligible studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences were conducted to analyze the data. Ten studies were included. In the meta-analysis for the acute effects, there was a significant positive effect of external focus on muscular strength (standardized mean difference: 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.46). In the meta-analysis for the long-term effects, there was no significant difference between training with an internal focus and external focus on muscular strength gains (standardized mean difference: 0.32; 95% confidence interval: –0.08, 0.73). In the subgroup analysis for lower-body exercises, we found a significant positive effect of training with an external focus on muscular strength gains (standardized mean difference: 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.07, 0.87). In summary, our findings indicate an acute increase in muscular strength when utilizing an external focus of attention. When applied over the long-term, using an external focus of attention may also enhance resistance training-induced gains in lower-body muscular strength.Jozo GrgicIvan MikulicPavle MikulicMDPI AGarticlemuscle strengthresistance trainingdata analysisattentionSportsGV557-1198.995ENSports, Vol 9, Iss 153, p 153 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	muscle strength resistance training data analysis attention Sports GV557-1198.995
spellingShingle	muscle strength resistance training data analysis attention Sports GV557-1198.995 Jozo Grgic Ivan Mikulic Pavle Mikulic Acute and Long-Term Effects of Attentional Focus Strategies on Muscular Strength: A Meta-Analysis
description	This review aimed to perform a meta-analysis examining the following: (a) acute effects of adopting an internal focus vs. external focus of attention on muscular strength; and (b) long-term effects of adopting an internal focus vs. external focus of attention during resistance training on gains in muscular strength. We searched through five databases to find eligible studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences were conducted to analyze the data. Ten studies were included. In the meta-analysis for the acute effects, there was a significant positive effect of external focus on muscular strength (standardized mean difference: 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.46). In the meta-analysis for the long-term effects, there was no significant difference between training with an internal focus and external focus on muscular strength gains (standardized mean difference: 0.32; 95% confidence interval: –0.08, 0.73). In the subgroup analysis for lower-body exercises, we found a significant positive effect of training with an external focus on muscular strength gains (standardized mean difference: 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.07, 0.87). In summary, our findings indicate an acute increase in muscular strength when utilizing an external focus of attention. When applied over the long-term, using an external focus of attention may also enhance resistance training-induced gains in lower-body muscular strength.
format	article
author	Jozo Grgic Ivan Mikulic Pavle Mikulic
author_facet	Jozo Grgic Ivan Mikulic Pavle Mikulic
author_sort	Jozo Grgic
title	Acute and Long-Term Effects of Attentional Focus Strategies on Muscular Strength: A Meta-Analysis
title_short	Acute and Long-Term Effects of Attentional Focus Strategies on Muscular Strength: A Meta-Analysis
title_full	Acute and Long-Term Effects of Attentional Focus Strategies on Muscular Strength: A Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr	Acute and Long-Term Effects of Attentional Focus Strategies on Muscular Strength: A Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Acute and Long-Term Effects of Attentional Focus Strategies on Muscular Strength: A Meta-Analysis
title_sort	acute and long-term effects of attentional focus strategies on muscular strength: a meta-analysis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3dcd146c2b8243a2b60868e3171b4e02
work_keys_str_mv	AT jozogrgic acuteandlongtermeffectsofattentionalfocusstrategiesonmuscularstrengthametaanalysis AT ivanmikulic acuteandlongtermeffectsofattentionalfocusstrategiesonmuscularstrengthametaanalysis AT pavlemikulic acuteandlongtermeffectsofattentionalfocusstrategiesonmuscularstrengthametaanalysis
_version_	1718410396111470592

Acute and Long-Term Effects of Attentional Focus Strategies on Muscular Strength: A Meta-Analysis

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