The brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.

Empathy and affective appraisals for conspecifics are among the hallmarks of social interaction. Using functional MRI, we hypothesized that vegetarians and vegans, who made their feeding choice for ethical reasons, might show brain responses to conditions of suffering involving humans or animals dif...

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Autores principales:	Massimo Filippi, Gianna Riccitelli, Andrea Falini, Francesco Di Salle, Patrik Vuilleumier, Giancarlo Comi, Maria A Rocca
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3ddacea619364b7cbd92bb4d26f0a107
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3ddacea619364b7cbd92bb4d26f0a1072021-12-02T20:21:23ZThe brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0010847https://doaj.org/article/3ddacea619364b7cbd92bb4d26f0a1072010-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20520767/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Empathy and affective appraisals for conspecifics are among the hallmarks of social interaction. Using functional MRI, we hypothesized that vegetarians and vegans, who made their feeding choice for ethical reasons, might show brain responses to conditions of suffering involving humans or animals different from omnivores. We recruited 20 omnivore subjects, 19 vegetarians, and 21 vegans. The groups were matched for sex and age. Brain activation was investigated using fMRI and an event-related design during observation of negative affective pictures of human beings and animals (showing mutilations, murdered people, human/animal threat, tortures, wounds, etc.). Participants saw negative-valence scenes related to humans and animals, alternating with natural landscapes. During human negative valence scenes, compared with omnivores, vegetarians and vegans had an increased recruitment of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). More critically, during animal negative valence scenes, they had decreased amygdala activation and increased activation of the lingual gyri, the left cuneus, the posterior cingulate cortex and several areas mainly located in the frontal lobes, including the ACC, the IFG and the middle frontal gyrus. Nonetheless, also substantial differences between vegetarians and vegans have been found responding to negative scenes. Vegetarians showed a selective recruitment of the right inferior parietal lobule during human negative scenes, and a prevailing activation of the ACC during animal negative scenes. Conversely, during animal negative scenes an increased activation of the inferior prefrontal cortex was observed in vegans. These results suggest that empathy toward non conspecifics has different neural representation among individuals with different feeding habits, perhaps reflecting different motivational factors and beliefs.Massimo FilippiGianna RiccitelliAndrea FaliniFrancesco Di SallePatrik VuilleumierGiancarlo ComiMaria A RoccaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e10847 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Massimo Filippi Gianna Riccitelli Andrea Falini Francesco Di Salle Patrik Vuilleumier Giancarlo Comi Maria A Rocca The brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.
description	Empathy and affective appraisals for conspecifics are among the hallmarks of social interaction. Using functional MRI, we hypothesized that vegetarians and vegans, who made their feeding choice for ethical reasons, might show brain responses to conditions of suffering involving humans or animals different from omnivores. We recruited 20 omnivore subjects, 19 vegetarians, and 21 vegans. The groups were matched for sex and age. Brain activation was investigated using fMRI and an event-related design during observation of negative affective pictures of human beings and animals (showing mutilations, murdered people, human/animal threat, tortures, wounds, etc.). Participants saw negative-valence scenes related to humans and animals, alternating with natural landscapes. During human negative valence scenes, compared with omnivores, vegetarians and vegans had an increased recruitment of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). More critically, during animal negative valence scenes, they had decreased amygdala activation and increased activation of the lingual gyri, the left cuneus, the posterior cingulate cortex and several areas mainly located in the frontal lobes, including the ACC, the IFG and the middle frontal gyrus. Nonetheless, also substantial differences between vegetarians and vegans have been found responding to negative scenes. Vegetarians showed a selective recruitment of the right inferior parietal lobule during human negative scenes, and a prevailing activation of the ACC during animal negative scenes. Conversely, during animal negative scenes an increased activation of the inferior prefrontal cortex was observed in vegans. These results suggest that empathy toward non conspecifics has different neural representation among individuals with different feeding habits, perhaps reflecting different motivational factors and beliefs.
format	article
author	Massimo Filippi Gianna Riccitelli Andrea Falini Francesco Di Salle Patrik Vuilleumier Giancarlo Comi Maria A Rocca
author_facet	Massimo Filippi Gianna Riccitelli Andrea Falini Francesco Di Salle Patrik Vuilleumier Giancarlo Comi Maria A Rocca
author_sort	Massimo Filippi
title	The brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.
title_short	The brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.
title_full	The brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.
title_fullStr	The brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.
title_full_unstemmed	The brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.
title_sort	brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/3ddacea619364b7cbd92bb4d26f0a107
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The brain functional networks associated to human and animal suffering differ among omnivores, vegetarians and vegans.

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