Novel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified Using the Silkworm Infection Model

Mucormycosis, a rare but highly fatal infection, is caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Due to their ubiquitous nature, reduced susceptibility to antifungals, acid tolerance, and ability to infect immunocompromised patients through rapid dissemination, these fungi have been frequently reported t...

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Autores principales:	Suresh Panthee, Hiroshi Hamamoto, Yayoi Nishiyama, Atmika Paudel, Kazuhisa Sekimizu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Mucorales COVID-19 opportunistic infection silkworm animal-model Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3e006c8fc8dc4c3482bd7188cb293495
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3e006c8fc8dc4c3482bd7188cb2934952021-11-25T18:06:39ZNovel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified Using the Silkworm Infection Model10.3390/jof71109952309-608Xhttps://doaj.org/article/3e006c8fc8dc4c3482bd7188cb2934952021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/995https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608XMucormycosis, a rare but highly fatal infection, is caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Due to their ubiquitous nature, reduced susceptibility to antifungals, acid tolerance, and ability to infect immunocompromised patients through rapid dissemination, these fungi have been frequently reported to infect the COVID-19 patients. In order to develop strategies to overcome mucormycosis, it is essential to understand and identify novel Mucorales present in the environment. In this study, we report the identification of four novel pathogenic Mucorales using the silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) model. The strains’ phylogeny was analyzed using the genome sequence of the large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (LSU rRNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, where strains 1-3, 5-3, and S286-1101 claded with <i>Mucor orantomantidis</i>, and strain 827-14 claded with <i>Backusella lamprospora</i>. All the strains had a cold-sensitive phenotype with their inability to grow prominently at 4 °C. <i>Mucor</i> sp. 1-3 and 5-3 were characterized by their filamentous and yeast-like growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The yeast colonies of <i>Mucor</i> sp. 5-3 had multipolar budding cells often observed with cleaved cell surfaces under a scanning electron microscope. We further found that these strains were able to kill immunocompromised mice suggesting their pathogenicity to mammals. Our study established an invertebrate model-based screening system to identify novel pathogenic Mucorales from the natural environment and provided a clue towards the rapid increase in COVID-19 related mucormycosis.Suresh PantheeHiroshi HamamotoYayoi NishiyamaAtmika PaudelKazuhisa SekimizuMDPI AGarticleMucoralesCOVID-19opportunistic infectionsilkwormanimal-modelBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENJournal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 995, p 995 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Mucorales COVID-19 opportunistic infection silkworm animal-model Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Mucorales COVID-19 opportunistic infection silkworm animal-model Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Suresh Panthee Hiroshi Hamamoto Yayoi Nishiyama Atmika Paudel Kazuhisa Sekimizu Novel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified Using the Silkworm Infection Model
description	Mucormycosis, a rare but highly fatal infection, is caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Due to their ubiquitous nature, reduced susceptibility to antifungals, acid tolerance, and ability to infect immunocompromised patients through rapid dissemination, these fungi have been frequently reported to infect the COVID-19 patients. In order to develop strategies to overcome mucormycosis, it is essential to understand and identify novel Mucorales present in the environment. In this study, we report the identification of four novel pathogenic Mucorales using the silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) model. The strains’ phylogeny was analyzed using the genome sequence of the large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (LSU rRNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, where strains 1-3, 5-3, and S286-1101 claded with <i>Mucor orantomantidis</i>, and strain 827-14 claded with <i>Backusella lamprospora</i>. All the strains had a cold-sensitive phenotype with their inability to grow prominently at 4 °C. <i>Mucor</i> sp. 1-3 and 5-3 were characterized by their filamentous and yeast-like growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The yeast colonies of <i>Mucor</i> sp. 5-3 had multipolar budding cells often observed with cleaved cell surfaces under a scanning electron microscope. We further found that these strains were able to kill immunocompromised mice suggesting their pathogenicity to mammals. Our study established an invertebrate model-based screening system to identify novel pathogenic Mucorales from the natural environment and provided a clue towards the rapid increase in COVID-19 related mucormycosis.
format	article
author	Suresh Panthee Hiroshi Hamamoto Yayoi Nishiyama Atmika Paudel Kazuhisa Sekimizu
author_facet	Suresh Panthee Hiroshi Hamamoto Yayoi Nishiyama Atmika Paudel Kazuhisa Sekimizu
author_sort	Suresh Panthee
title	Novel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified Using the Silkworm Infection Model
title_short	Novel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified Using the Silkworm Infection Model
title_full	Novel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified Using the Silkworm Infection Model
title_fullStr	Novel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified Using the Silkworm Infection Model
title_full_unstemmed	Novel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified Using the Silkworm Infection Model
title_sort	novel pathogenic mucorales identified using the silkworm infection model
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3e006c8fc8dc4c3482bd7188cb293495
work_keys_str_mv	AT sureshpanthee novelpathogenicmucoralesidentifiedusingthesilkworminfectionmodel AT hiroshihamamoto novelpathogenicmucoralesidentifiedusingthesilkworminfectionmodel AT yayoinishiyama novelpathogenicmucoralesidentifiedusingthesilkworminfectionmodel AT atmikapaudel novelpathogenicmucoralesidentifiedusingthesilkworminfectionmodel AT kazuhisasekimizu novelpathogenicmucoralesidentifiedusingthesilkworminfectionmodel
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Novel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified Using the Silkworm Infection Model

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