Fast school closures correspond with a lower rate of COVID-19 incidence and deaths in most countries

School closures have been used as one of the main nonpharmaceutical interventions to overcome the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Different countries use this intervention with a wide range of time intervals from the date of the first confirmed case or death. This study aimed to investigate whether fast or la...

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Autores principales:	Zahra Liyaghatdar, Zahra Pezeshkian, Manijeh Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh, Esmaeil Ebrahimie
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 Attributes weighting Fast school closure Prevention policies Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3e1028f6493e4d2387861666b789abeb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3e1028f6493e4d2387861666b789abeb2021-11-30T04:16:28ZFast school closures correspond with a lower rate of COVID-19 incidence and deaths in most countries2352-914810.1016/j.imu.2021.100805https://doaj.org/article/3e1028f6493e4d2387861666b789abeb2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352914821002720https://doaj.org/toc/2352-9148School closures have been used as one of the main nonpharmaceutical interventions to overcome the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Different countries use this intervention with a wide range of time intervals from the date of the first confirmed case or death. This study aimed to investigate whether fast or late school closures affect the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases or deaths. A worldwide population-based observational study has been conducted and a range of attributes were weighted using 10 attribute weighting models against the normalized number of infected cases or death in the form of numeric, binominal and polynomial labels. Statistical analysis was performed for the most weighted and the most common attributes of all types of labels. By the end of March 2021, the school closure data of 198 countries with at least one COVID-19 case were available. The days before the first school closure were one of the most weighted factors in relation to the normalized number of infected cases and deaths in numeric, binomial, and quartile forms. The average of days before the first school closure in the lowest quartile to highest quartile of infected cases (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) was −6.10 [95% CI, −26.5 to 14.2], 9.35 [95% CI, 2.16 to 16.53], 17.55 [95% CI, 5.95 to 29.15], and 16.00 [95% CI, 11.69 to 20.31], respectively. In addition, 188 countries reported at least one death from COVID-19. The average of the days before the first school closure in the lowest quartile of death to highest quartile (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) was −49.4 [95% CI, −76.5 to −22.3], −10.34 [95% CI, −30.12 to 9.44], −18.74 [95% CI, −32.72 to −4.77], and −12.89 [95% CI, −27.84 to 2.06], respectively. Countries that closed schools faster, especially before the detection of any confirmed case or death, had fewer COVID-19 cases or deaths per million of the population on total days of involvement. It can be concluded that rapid prevention policies are the main determinants of the countries' success.Zahra LiyaghatdarZahra PezeshkianManijeh Mohammadi-DehcheshmehEsmaeil EbrahimieElsevierarticleCOVID-19Attributes weightingFast school closurePrevention policiesComputer applications to medicine. Medical informaticsR858-859.7ENInformatics in Medicine Unlocked, Vol 27, Iss , Pp 100805- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 Attributes weighting Fast school closure Prevention policies Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7
spellingShingle	COVID-19 Attributes weighting Fast school closure Prevention policies Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7 Zahra Liyaghatdar Zahra Pezeshkian Manijeh Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh Esmaeil Ebrahimie Fast school closures correspond with a lower rate of COVID-19 incidence and deaths in most countries
description	School closures have been used as one of the main nonpharmaceutical interventions to overcome the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Different countries use this intervention with a wide range of time intervals from the date of the first confirmed case or death. This study aimed to investigate whether fast or late school closures affect the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases or deaths. A worldwide population-based observational study has been conducted and a range of attributes were weighted using 10 attribute weighting models against the normalized number of infected cases or death in the form of numeric, binominal and polynomial labels. Statistical analysis was performed for the most weighted and the most common attributes of all types of labels. By the end of March 2021, the school closure data of 198 countries with at least one COVID-19 case were available. The days before the first school closure were one of the most weighted factors in relation to the normalized number of infected cases and deaths in numeric, binomial, and quartile forms. The average of days before the first school closure in the lowest quartile to highest quartile of infected cases (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) was −6.10 [95% CI, −26.5 to 14.2], 9.35 [95% CI, 2.16 to 16.53], 17.55 [95% CI, 5.95 to 29.15], and 16.00 [95% CI, 11.69 to 20.31], respectively. In addition, 188 countries reported at least one death from COVID-19. The average of the days before the first school closure in the lowest quartile of death to highest quartile (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) was −49.4 [95% CI, −76.5 to −22.3], −10.34 [95% CI, −30.12 to 9.44], −18.74 [95% CI, −32.72 to −4.77], and −12.89 [95% CI, −27.84 to 2.06], respectively. Countries that closed schools faster, especially before the detection of any confirmed case or death, had fewer COVID-19 cases or deaths per million of the population on total days of involvement. It can be concluded that rapid prevention policies are the main determinants of the countries' success.
format	article
author	Zahra Liyaghatdar Zahra Pezeshkian Manijeh Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh Esmaeil Ebrahimie
author_facet	Zahra Liyaghatdar Zahra Pezeshkian Manijeh Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh Esmaeil Ebrahimie
author_sort	Zahra Liyaghatdar
title	Fast school closures correspond with a lower rate of COVID-19 incidence and deaths in most countries
title_short	Fast school closures correspond with a lower rate of COVID-19 incidence and deaths in most countries
title_full	Fast school closures correspond with a lower rate of COVID-19 incidence and deaths in most countries
title_fullStr	Fast school closures correspond with a lower rate of COVID-19 incidence and deaths in most countries
title_full_unstemmed	Fast school closures correspond with a lower rate of COVID-19 incidence and deaths in most countries
title_sort	fast school closures correspond with a lower rate of covid-19 incidence and deaths in most countries
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3e1028f6493e4d2387861666b789abeb
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Fast school closures correspond with a lower rate of COVID-19 incidence and deaths in most countries

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