Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic

Mould and bacterial contamination releases microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs), causing changes in the odour profile of a feed. <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain H57 (H57) has the potential ability to inhibit microbial growth in animal feeds. This study tested the hypothe...

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Autores principales:	Thi Thuy Ngo, Peter Dart, Matthew Callaghan, Athol Klieve, David McNeill
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	probiotic <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 volatile organic compounds microbial volatile organic compounds microbial development feedlot pellets Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3e283a2308264237b3714a3dbd11ad17
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3e283a2308264237b3714a3dbd11ad172021-11-25T16:19:32ZVolatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic10.3390/ani111132272076-2615https://doaj.org/article/3e283a2308264237b3714a3dbd11ad172021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3227https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Mould and bacterial contamination releases microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs), causing changes in the odour profile of a feed. <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain H57 (H57) has the potential ability to inhibit microbial growth in animal feeds. This study tested the hypothesis that H57 influences the odour profile of stored feedlot pellets by impeding the production of mVOCs. The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of un-inoculated pellets and those inoculated with H57, stored either at ambient temperature (mean 22 °C) or at 5 °C, was monitored at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Forty VOCs were identified in all the pellet samples analysed, 24 of which were potentially of microbial and 16 of non-microbial origin. A score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the VOC profiles of the pellets stored at ambient temperature changed more rapidly over the 3 months than those stored at 5 °C, and that change was greater in the un-inoculated pellets when compared to the inoculated ones. The bi-plot and correlation loading plots of the PCA indicated that the separation of the un-inoculated pellets from the other treatments over the 3 months was primarily due to nine mVOCs. These mVOCs have been previously identified in grains spoiled by fungi, and could be considered potential markers of the types of fungi that H57 can protect pellets against. These data indicate the ability of H57 to maintain the odour profile and freshness of concentrated feed pellets. This protective influence can be detected as early as 3 months into ambient temperature storage.Thi Thuy NgoPeter DartMatthew CallaghanAthol KlieveDavid McNeillMDPI AGarticleprobiotic<i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57volatile organic compoundsmicrobial volatile organic compoundsmicrobial developmentfeedlot pelletsVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3227, p 3227 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	probiotic <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 volatile organic compounds microbial volatile organic compounds microbial development feedlot pellets Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	probiotic <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 volatile organic compounds microbial volatile organic compounds microbial development feedlot pellets Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Thi Thuy Ngo Peter Dart Matthew Callaghan Athol Klieve David McNeill Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic
description	Mould and bacterial contamination releases microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs), causing changes in the odour profile of a feed. <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain H57 (H57) has the potential ability to inhibit microbial growth in animal feeds. This study tested the hypothesis that H57 influences the odour profile of stored feedlot pellets by impeding the production of mVOCs. The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of un-inoculated pellets and those inoculated with H57, stored either at ambient temperature (mean 22 °C) or at 5 °C, was monitored at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Forty VOCs were identified in all the pellet samples analysed, 24 of which were potentially of microbial and 16 of non-microbial origin. A score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the VOC profiles of the pellets stored at ambient temperature changed more rapidly over the 3 months than those stored at 5 °C, and that change was greater in the un-inoculated pellets when compared to the inoculated ones. The bi-plot and correlation loading plots of the PCA indicated that the separation of the un-inoculated pellets from the other treatments over the 3 months was primarily due to nine mVOCs. These mVOCs have been previously identified in grains spoiled by fungi, and could be considered potential markers of the types of fungi that H57 can protect pellets against. These data indicate the ability of H57 to maintain the odour profile and freshness of concentrated feed pellets. This protective influence can be detected as early as 3 months into ambient temperature storage.
format	article
author	Thi Thuy Ngo Peter Dart Matthew Callaghan Athol Klieve David McNeill
author_facet	Thi Thuy Ngo Peter Dart Matthew Callaghan Athol Klieve David McNeill
author_sort	Thi Thuy Ngo
title	Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic
title_short	Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic
title_full	Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic
title_fullStr	Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic
title_full_unstemmed	Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic
title_sort	volatile organic compound profiles associated with microbial development in feedlot pellets inoculated with <i>bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> h57 probiotic
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3e283a2308264237b3714a3dbd11ad17
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Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic

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