Novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver

Sunil K Singh1, Kalyan Goswami2, Richa D Sharma2, Maryada VR Reddy2, Debabrata Dash11Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, IndiaPurpose: The currently availab...

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Autores principales:	Singh SK, Goswami K, Sharma RD, Reddy MVR, Dash D
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3e34c2eaa579424b8d7b23b3462bcd96
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3e34c2eaa579424b8d7b23b3462bcd962021-12-02T05:02:05ZNovel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/3e34c2eaa579424b8d7b23b3462bcd962012-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/novel-microfilaricidal-activity-of-nanosilver-a9315https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Sunil K Singh1, Kalyan Goswami2, Richa D Sharma2, Maryada VR Reddy2, Debabrata Dash11Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, IndiaPurpose: The currently available drug repertoire against lymphatic filariasis, a major health hazard in the developing world, is inadequate and is fraught with serious limitations. Thus, the development of an effective antifilarial strategy has become a global research thrust mandated by the World Health Organization. Nanoparticles of silver endowed with antibacterial potency are known to induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells. The present study was designed to investigate the possible microfilaricidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles and to establish the validity of apoptotic rationale in antifilarial drug designing.Methods: This report analyzed the effect of nanoparticles of silver as well as gold (size range: 10&ndash;15 nm) on the microfilariae of Brugia malayi obtained from the lavage of peritoneal cavities of infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). The study included a microfilarial motility assay, a trypan blue exclusion test, a poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activity study, ethidium bromide/acridine orange differential staining, and transmission, as well as scanning electron microscopic evaluation of ultrastructural changes in microfilariae.Results: The study demonstrates that nanoparticles of silver, but not of gold, elicited significant loss in microfilarial motility. Differential staining of parasites with ethidium bromide and acridine orange, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activity in microfilarial lysate, and electron microscopic findings underscored apoptotic death of parasites attributable to nanosilver. In a trypan blue exclusion test, the 50% lethal dose of nanosilver was measured to be 101.2 &micro;M, which was higher than the recorded complete inhibitory concentration value (50.6 &micro;M), thus supporting nanosilver as a potential drug candidate against lymphatic filariasis.Conclusion: The present report provides the first ever conclusive proof in support of apoptosis as a novel stratagem in antifilarial drug designing and nanoscale silver as a valid lead in research on antifilarial therapeutics. The main embargo about the current drug diethylcarbamazine citrate is its empirical use without rationale. Effective microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver at relatively low concentrations as reported in this study, with evidence of the induction of apoptosis in microfilariae, projects nanosilver as a potential drug adjuvant against lymphatic filariasis. The much higher 50% lethal dose value of nanosilver compared to the complete inhibitory concentration value reported in this study argues in favor of a safe therapeutic window of this agent in its antifilarial efficacy.Keywords: silver nanoparticles, apoptosis, lymphatic filariasis, microfilaricidal agent, parasitic diseasesSingh SKGoswami KSharma RDReddy MVRDash DDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 1023-1030 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Singh SK Goswami K Sharma RD Reddy MVR Dash D Novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver
description	Sunil K Singh1, Kalyan Goswami2, Richa D Sharma2, Maryada VR Reddy2, Debabrata Dash11Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, IndiaPurpose: The currently available drug repertoire against lymphatic filariasis, a major health hazard in the developing world, is inadequate and is fraught with serious limitations. Thus, the development of an effective antifilarial strategy has become a global research thrust mandated by the World Health Organization. Nanoparticles of silver endowed with antibacterial potency are known to induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells. The present study was designed to investigate the possible microfilaricidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles and to establish the validity of apoptotic rationale in antifilarial drug designing.Methods: This report analyzed the effect of nanoparticles of silver as well as gold (size range: 10&ndash;15 nm) on the microfilariae of Brugia malayi obtained from the lavage of peritoneal cavities of infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). The study included a microfilarial motility assay, a trypan blue exclusion test, a poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activity study, ethidium bromide/acridine orange differential staining, and transmission, as well as scanning electron microscopic evaluation of ultrastructural changes in microfilariae.Results: The study demonstrates that nanoparticles of silver, but not of gold, elicited significant loss in microfilarial motility. Differential staining of parasites with ethidium bromide and acridine orange, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activity in microfilarial lysate, and electron microscopic findings underscored apoptotic death of parasites attributable to nanosilver. In a trypan blue exclusion test, the 50% lethal dose of nanosilver was measured to be 101.2 &micro;M, which was higher than the recorded complete inhibitory concentration value (50.6 &micro;M), thus supporting nanosilver as a potential drug candidate against lymphatic filariasis.Conclusion: The present report provides the first ever conclusive proof in support of apoptosis as a novel stratagem in antifilarial drug designing and nanoscale silver as a valid lead in research on antifilarial therapeutics. The main embargo about the current drug diethylcarbamazine citrate is its empirical use without rationale. Effective microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver at relatively low concentrations as reported in this study, with evidence of the induction of apoptosis in microfilariae, projects nanosilver as a potential drug adjuvant against lymphatic filariasis. The much higher 50% lethal dose value of nanosilver compared to the complete inhibitory concentration value reported in this study argues in favor of a safe therapeutic window of this agent in its antifilarial efficacy.Keywords: silver nanoparticles, apoptosis, lymphatic filariasis, microfilaricidal agent, parasitic diseases
format	article
author	Singh SK Goswami K Sharma RD Reddy MVR Dash D
author_facet	Singh SK Goswami K Sharma RD Reddy MVR Dash D
author_sort	Singh SK
title	Novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver
title_short	Novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver
title_full	Novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver
title_fullStr	Novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver
title_full_unstemmed	Novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver
title_sort	novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/3e34c2eaa579424b8d7b23b3462bcd96
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Novel microfilaricidal activity of nanosilver

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