Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways

Air pollution is a major environmental and public health problem worldwide. A nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the most abundant air pollutant in diesel engine exhaust, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), is caused by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous organic substances. Macrophages are effector...

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Autores principales:	Ping-Kun Tsai, Shih-Pin Chen, Rosa Huang-Liu, Chun-Jung Chen, Wen-Ying Chen, Yan-Yan Ng, Yu-Hsiang Kuan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	1-nitropyrene proinflammatory cytokines PGE2 NF-κB pathway Akt Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3e38ac0bb07f4aa3a6758b9747ac68b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3e38ac0bb07f4aa3a6758b9747ac68b82021-11-25T19:08:00ZProinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways10.3390/toxics91102762305-6304https://doaj.org/article/3e38ac0bb07f4aa3a6758b9747ac68b82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/11/276https://doaj.org/toc/2305-6304Air pollution is a major environmental and public health problem worldwide. A nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the most abundant air pollutant in diesel engine exhaust, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), is caused by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous organic substances. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune cells that provide resistance in the peripheral tissue. The overactivation of macrophages results in inflammation. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha, is induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner in macrophages. In this study, the production of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitrogen oxide and prostaglandin E2, was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner through the expression of iNOS and COX2. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX2 was induced by 1-NP through nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 phosphorylation and the degradation of its upstream factor, IκB. Finally, Akt phosphorylation was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that 1-NP exhibits a proinflammatory response through the NF-κB pathway activation due to Akt phosphorylation.Ping-Kun TsaiShih-Pin ChenRosa Huang-LiuChun-Jung ChenWen-Ying ChenYan-Yan NgYu-Hsiang KuanMDPI AGarticle1-nitropyreneproinflammatory cytokinesPGE2NF-κB pathwayAktChemical technologyTP1-1185ENToxics, Vol 9, Iss 276, p 276 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	1-nitropyrene proinflammatory cytokines PGE2 NF-κB pathway Akt Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	1-nitropyrene proinflammatory cytokines PGE2 NF-κB pathway Akt Chemical technology TP1-1185 Ping-Kun Tsai Shih-Pin Chen Rosa Huang-Liu Chun-Jung Chen Wen-Ying Chen Yan-Yan Ng Yu-Hsiang Kuan Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways
description	Air pollution is a major environmental and public health problem worldwide. A nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the most abundant air pollutant in diesel engine exhaust, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), is caused by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous organic substances. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune cells that provide resistance in the peripheral tissue. The overactivation of macrophages results in inflammation. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha, is induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner in macrophages. In this study, the production of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitrogen oxide and prostaglandin E2, was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner through the expression of iNOS and COX2. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX2 was induced by 1-NP through nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 phosphorylation and the degradation of its upstream factor, IκB. Finally, Akt phosphorylation was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that 1-NP exhibits a proinflammatory response through the NF-κB pathway activation due to Akt phosphorylation.
format	article
author	Ping-Kun Tsai Shih-Pin Chen Rosa Huang-Liu Chun-Jung Chen Wen-Ying Chen Yan-Yan Ng Yu-Hsiang Kuan
author_facet	Ping-Kun Tsai Shih-Pin Chen Rosa Huang-Liu Chun-Jung Chen Wen-Ying Chen Yan-Yan Ng Yu-Hsiang Kuan
author_sort	Ping-Kun Tsai
title	Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways
title_short	Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways
title_full	Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways
title_fullStr	Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways
title_full_unstemmed	Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways
title_sort	proinflammatory responses of 1-nitropyrene against raw264.7 macrophages through akt phosphorylation and nf-κb pathways
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3e38ac0bb07f4aa3a6758b9747ac68b8
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Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways

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