Yeast Cell as a Bio-Model for Measuring the Toxicity of Fish-Killing Flagellates

Harmful algal blooms are a significant environmental problem. Cells that bloom are often associated with intercellular or dissolved toxins that are a grave concern to humans. However, cells may also excrete compounds that are beneficial to their competition, allowing the cells to establish or mainta...

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Autores principales:	Malihe Mehdizadeh Allaf, Charles G. Trick
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bioassay yeast harmful algal blooms <i>Heterosigma akashiwo</i> <i>Prymnesium parvum</i> Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3e50665a47ad4034b436ec9e6fe5aa34
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3e50665a47ad4034b436ec9e6fe5aa342021-11-25T19:09:07ZYeast Cell as a Bio-Model for Measuring the Toxicity of Fish-Killing Flagellates10.3390/toxins131108212072-6651https://doaj.org/article/3e50665a47ad4034b436ec9e6fe5aa342021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/11/821https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651Harmful algal blooms are a significant environmental problem. Cells that bloom are often associated with intercellular or dissolved toxins that are a grave concern to humans. However, cells may also excrete compounds that are beneficial to their competition, allowing the cells to establish or maintain cells in bloom conditions. Here, we develop a yeast cell assay to assess whether the bloom-forming species can change the toxicity of the water environment. The current methods of assessing toxicity involve whole organisms. Here, yeast cells are used as a bioassay model to evaluate eukaryotic cell toxicity. Yeast is a commonly used, easy to maintain bioassay species that is free from ethical concerns, yet is sensitive to a wide array of metabolic and membrane-modulating agents. Compared to methods in which the whole organism is used, this method offers rapid and convenient cytotoxicity measurements using a lower volume of samples. The flow cytometer was employed in this toxicology assessment to measure the number of dead cells using alive/dead stain analysis. The results show that yeast cells were metabolically damaged after 1 h of exposure to our model toxin-producing euryhaline flagellates (<i>Heterosigma akashiwo</i> and <i>Prymnesium parvum</i>) cells or extracts. This amount was increased by extending the incubation time.Malihe Mehdizadeh AllafCharles G. TrickMDPI AGarticlebioassayyeastharmful algal blooms<i>Heterosigma akashiwo</i><i>Prymnesium parvum</i>MedicineRENToxins, Vol 13, Iss 821, p 821 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bioassay yeast harmful algal blooms <i>Heterosigma akashiwo</i> <i>Prymnesium parvum</i> Medicine R
spellingShingle	bioassay yeast harmful algal blooms <i>Heterosigma akashiwo</i> <i>Prymnesium parvum</i> Medicine R Malihe Mehdizadeh Allaf Charles G. Trick Yeast Cell as a Bio-Model for Measuring the Toxicity of Fish-Killing Flagellates
description	Harmful algal blooms are a significant environmental problem. Cells that bloom are often associated with intercellular or dissolved toxins that are a grave concern to humans. However, cells may also excrete compounds that are beneficial to their competition, allowing the cells to establish or maintain cells in bloom conditions. Here, we develop a yeast cell assay to assess whether the bloom-forming species can change the toxicity of the water environment. The current methods of assessing toxicity involve whole organisms. Here, yeast cells are used as a bioassay model to evaluate eukaryotic cell toxicity. Yeast is a commonly used, easy to maintain bioassay species that is free from ethical concerns, yet is sensitive to a wide array of metabolic and membrane-modulating agents. Compared to methods in which the whole organism is used, this method offers rapid and convenient cytotoxicity measurements using a lower volume of samples. The flow cytometer was employed in this toxicology assessment to measure the number of dead cells using alive/dead stain analysis. The results show that yeast cells were metabolically damaged after 1 h of exposure to our model toxin-producing euryhaline flagellates (<i>Heterosigma akashiwo</i> and <i>Prymnesium parvum</i>) cells or extracts. This amount was increased by extending the incubation time.
format	article
author	Malihe Mehdizadeh Allaf Charles G. Trick
author_facet	Malihe Mehdizadeh Allaf Charles G. Trick
author_sort	Malihe Mehdizadeh Allaf
title	Yeast Cell as a Bio-Model for Measuring the Toxicity of Fish-Killing Flagellates
title_short	Yeast Cell as a Bio-Model for Measuring the Toxicity of Fish-Killing Flagellates
title_full	Yeast Cell as a Bio-Model for Measuring the Toxicity of Fish-Killing Flagellates
title_fullStr	Yeast Cell as a Bio-Model for Measuring the Toxicity of Fish-Killing Flagellates
title_full_unstemmed	Yeast Cell as a Bio-Model for Measuring the Toxicity of Fish-Killing Flagellates
title_sort	yeast cell as a bio-model for measuring the toxicity of fish-killing flagellates
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3e50665a47ad4034b436ec9e6fe5aa34
work_keys_str_mv	AT malihemehdizadehallaf yeastcellasabiomodelformeasuringthetoxicityoffishkillingflagellates AT charlesgtrick yeastcellasabiomodelformeasuringthetoxicityoffishkillingflagellates
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Yeast Cell as a Bio-Model for Measuring the Toxicity of Fish-Killing Flagellates

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